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洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：
/ielts/
（报名网 址）
Directions:
Read
the
underlined
sentences
carefully,
and
then
translate
them
into
Chinese. You may check your answers
after you finish them.
Passage One
In the warm enclosed water of farm ponds, conditions are very likely to be lethal
for fish
when insecticides are applied in the
neighbourhood. As many examples show,
the poison is
carried in
by rains
and
runoff
from
surrounding lands. Sometimes the
ponds
receive
not
only
contaminated
runoff
but
also
a
direct
dose
as
crop-dusting
pilots
neglect
to
shut
off
the
duster
in
passing
over
a
pond.
Even
without
such
complication,
normal
agricultural
use
subjects
fish
to
far
heavier
concentrations
of
chemicals than would be required to
kill them. In other words, a marked reduction in
the poundages used would hardly alter
the fatal situation, for application of over 0.1
pound per acre to the pond itself are
generally considered hazardous. And the poison,
once introduced, is hard to get rid of.
One pond that had been treated with DDT to
remove
unwanted
shiners
remained
so
poisonous
through
repeated
draining
and
flushings
that
it
killed
94
percent
of
the
sunfish
with
which
it
was
later
stocked.
Apparently the chemical
remained in the mud of the pond bottom.
In
some
parts
of
the
world
the
cultivation
of
fish
in
ponds
provides
an
indispensable source of food.
In such places the use of insecticides without
regard for
the effects on fish creates
immediate problems. In Rhodesia, for example, the
young
of an import food fish, the Kafue
bream, are killed by exposure to only 0.04 parts
per
million of DDT in shallow pools.
Even smaller die, of many other insecticides would
be lethal. The shallow waters in which
these fish live are favorable mosquito-breeding
places. The problem of controlling
mosquitoes and at the same time conserving a fish
important in the Central African diet
has obviously not been solved satisfactorily.
Passage Two
There have been many great inventions, things that changed the way we live in.
The first great invention was one
that is still very important today___ the wheel.
This
made
it
easier
to
carry
heavy
things
and
to
travel
long
distances.
For
hundreds
of
years after that there were
few inventions that had ass much effect as the
wheel. Then
in the early
1800
’
s the world started to changed. There was little unknown land left in
the world. People did not have to
explore much anymore. They began to work instead
to make life better. In the second half
of the 19th century many great inventions were
made. Among them were the camera, the
electric light and the radio. These all became
a big part of our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw
more great inventions. The helicopter in
1909. Movies with sound in 1926. The
computer in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This
was
also
a
time
when
a
new
material
was
first
made.
Nylon
came
out
in
1935.
It
changed the kind of clothes
people wear. The middle part of the 20th century
brought
new ways to help people get
over disease. They worked very well. They made
people
healthier and let them live
longer lives. By the 1960
’
s most people could expect to