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Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
In
California
the
regulators,
the
utilities
and
the
governor
all
want
the
Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission to cap
spot (
现货的
) market prices. The Californians
claim it will rein in
outrageous prices. Federal regulators have
refused. The battle is
on.
Governor
Gray
Davis
says,
“
I
’
m
not
happy
with
the
Federal
Regulatory
Commission at all.
They
’
re living in an ivory tower. If their bills were going up like
the
people
in
San
Diego,
they
would
know
that
this
is
a
real
problem
in
the
real
world.
”
As
part
of
deregulation,
price
caps
were
removed
to
allow
for
a
free
market.
Timing is everything; natural gas
prices had already skyrocketed. Demand was high
from California
’
s booming economy. No new power plants had been built here in ten
years, and power producers had
the right to hike prices along with demand. And
hike
them they did.
Loretta Lynch of the Public Utilities Commission says,
“
This commission and
all
of
California
was
beating
down
the
door
of
federal
regulators
to
say
‘
help
us
impose
reasonable price caps to help to keep our market
stable.
’
”
Federal
regulators
did
ask
for
longer-term
contracts
between
power
producers
and the utilities to
stabilize prices. The federal commission,
unavailable for comment
on this story,
released a recent statement defending its position
not to re-regulate.
Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission
Dec. 15, 2000:
“
The commission
’
s
intention is
to enable the markets to catch up to current
supply and demand problems
and not to
reintroduce command and control regulation that
has helped to produce the
current
crisis.
”
Some energy
experts believe that, without temporary price caps,
the crisis
will
continue.
Severin Borenstein of the U.C. Energy Institute says,
“
Some federal regulators
have a blind commitment to
making the market work and I think part of the
problem
is they really
don
’
t understand what
’
s going on.
”
Gary Ackerman of the Western Power Trading Forum says,
“
He
’
s dead wrong
about that. The federal regulators
understand far better than any individual state
that,
though it might be painful and it
certainly is painful in California, price caps
don
’
t
work. They never
work.
”
16. The battle between Californians and federal regulators is about ________.
A. control over the price of power
B. necessity of removing price caps
C. hiking the energy prices in California
D. a regulation concerning power supply
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17.
Governor
Gray
Davis
was
dissatisfied
with
the
Federal
Regulatory
Commission because
________.
A. they did not know what the real problem was
B. they were living an easy life in an ivory tower
C. they could not experience the life in San Diego
D. they turned a blind eye to the situation in California
18.
The
Federal
Commission
uncapped
the
energy
price
with
the
intention
to
________.
A. help California
’
s economy booming steadily
B. prevent power price from going up any further
C. enable the market to deal with supply and demand problems
D. have contracts signed between power producers and the utilities
19.
To
help
keep
prices
from
going
higher,
people
and
groups
in
California
________.
A. imposed reasonable price caps
B. beat down the door of federal regulators
C. urged the federal authorities to take action
D. struggled against federal policy to hike prices
20. Energy experts against price caps believe that ________.
A. the present situation in California will continue unless there is price control
B. the current crisis is partly attributed to previous command and control policy
C.
price
caps
can
temporarily
solve
energy
problems
an
individual
state
meets
with
D.
they
do
understand
what
is
going
on
in
California
and
will
take
proper
measures
Passage Three
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first
half of the twentieth
century. Today, a large number of families in
Great Britain buy
furniture, household
goods and cars by installments.
In the U.S., the figure is much
higher than in
Great Britain, and people there spend over 10
percent of their income
on the
installment plan.
The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that
would be paid by cash. There is a
charge for interest. The buyer pays one quarter or
one third of the price as a down
payment when the goods are delivered to him. He
then makes regular payments, weekly or
monthly, until the full price is paid up. The
legal ownership of the goods remains
with the seller until the final payment has been
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