辽宁大学邢源源-聚会通知
Unit 13
Task 1
【答案】
What
’
s wrong?
Why does Mr. Jones...?
Mr.
Jones: getting a lot of headaches; feeling tired
all the time
Doctor: nothing much wrong
—
smoke rather a lot: worry about his work
—
not get enough exercise: always too busy
—
eat too much: always hungry
Smoke fewer
cigarettes.
Take more exercise.
Eat less.
Don
’
t worry about your health too much.
What is the advice of
the doctor?
【原文】
Mr. Jones has gone to the doctor
’
s because he does not feel very well. What advice does the
doctor give him?
Mr. Jones: Good morning, doctor.
Doctor: Good morning Mr... erm... Jones. Now what can I do for you?
Mr. Jones: Well. I’m not sure exactly.
But I don’t feel very well. I get a lot of
headaches
—
and I
feel tired all the
time.
Doctor: I see. Now, these headaches... Do you smoke?
Mr. Jones: Yes. I smoke rather a lot.
About forty cigarettes a day. That’s because I
worry
about my
work, you see.
Doctor: Hm. And what about exercise?
Mr. Jones: Well, I don’t get very much.
I’m always too busy.
Doc
tor: Hm. You don’t look very fit, do you? How much do you weigh?
Mr. Jones: I’m not sure. About a
hundred kilos, I think. Perhaps I eat too much,
but I’m
always
hungry!
Doctor:
Hm.
Well
now,
Mr.
Jones.
There’s
nothing
much
wrong
with
you.
If
I
were
you
though, I’d take more exercise,
eat less and smoke fewer cigarettes. Better
still,
stop
smoking completely! That’s my advice to
you.
Mr. Jones: But aren’t you
going to give me any medicine, doctor?
Doctor: Medicine? You don
’
t need medicine! Just less food, fewer cigarettes and more exercise.
That
’
s
all
you
need. And
don
’
t
worry
about
your
health
so
much.
If
you
worry
about
your health,
you
’
ll make yourself ill!
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1)
b,
2) a,
3) b,
4) a,
5) b
B.
City
New York City
Chicago
Trend of Population Growth
down
down
Percentage (%)
11
12
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Washington D.C.
San Jose
Phoenix
Houston
El Paso
Ft Lauderdale
Virginia Beach
down
down
down
up
up
up
up
up
up
14
18
16
24
33
26
31
10
52
C.
jobs, builders, teachers,
salespeople, smaller cities, crime, traffic jam,
pollution, a warmer climate,
the cold, the sun
【原文】
Every ten years the United States conducts a census of the population. A census is a count of
the people who live in a city
or country. Every family receives a form with
questions about family
size, income,
jobs, etc. They answer questions such as: How many
people are there in your family?
Do you
live in a house or in an apartment? How long have
you been living there? Where did you
live before this? Where do you work?
How much money do you make? The government uses
all
this information to get a better
picture of its citizens.
The last census was in 1980. The population of the United States is now 226,500,000, up by
23 million people
from 1970. In 1970, the population was
203,000,000.
The
census
shows
that
some
areas
of
the
United
States
are
declining
in
population
while
other areas are growing.
In the past, more people lived in the Northeast
and North Central areas.
But
this
is
changing.
Now,
more
people
live
in
the
South
than
in
any
other
area.
People
are
moving from the North to the
South and the West. The population of northern
cities is down from
1970.
For
example,
the
population
of
New
York
City
is
down
11
percent,
the
population
of
Chicago is down 12 percent. In
Pennsylvania, the population of Philadelphia is
down 14 percent
and the population of
Pittsburgh is down 18 percent. Washington D.C. has
almost 16 percent less
people. At the
same time that northern cities are declining,
southern and western cities are growing.
The population of San Jose is up 24
percent. Phoenix is up 33 percent. In Texas,
Houston is up 26
percent and El Paso is
up 31 percent. In Florida, the population of Ft
Lauderdale is up 10 percent.
The
population of Virginia Beach is up 52 percent.
Why are people leaving the North? Why are they moving to the South and West? The main
reason is jobs. Because the South and
West are growing, there’s a need for more
builders, teachers,
salespeople,
etc.
Another
reason
is
today
more
and
more
people
are
choosing
smaller
cities.
They’re
tired
of
crime,
traffic
jams,
and
pollution.
Finally,
people
say
they
are
looking
for
a
warmer climate. They are moving away
from the cold, toward the sun.
Task 3
【答案】
1) F,
2) T,
3) F,
4) T,
5) F
【原文】
Tim and Tina spent two weeks at Grimm
’
s farm. Later they spoke to a reporter about their
time at the farm.
Reporter: Well, Tim. You’ve tried to
live like an Iron Age man. Did you learn much
about Iron
Age life?
Tim: Oh, yes. I learned a lot! I learned that it was a hard life in those days. We had to work
really hard. We got very tired. Those
Iron Age people were really strong.
Reporter: But they didn’t have to use
their brains very much, did they? I
mean, people weren’t
very
clever in those days, were they?
Tim:
Oh,
yes
they
were!
That’s
the
most
important
thing
that
we
learned.
People
in
those
days
didn’t go to school, and they couldn’t read or
write, but they weren’t stupid.
They
learned from one another. They knew a
lot about plants and animals. They could do a lot
of things that we can’t do very well.
They could build houses. They
could make tools
and pots, and they could make
fire, too
—
without matches, I mean. When we tried to
do things
like that we weren’t very successful at all. We felt very
stupid!
Reporter: What
about you, Tina? What did you think of Iron Age
life? What was it like? Did you
enjoy
it?
Tina: Well, yes and no. In some ways it was fun. But in some ways it was very difficult, and
rather
boring. The best thing was that I made some very
good friends. Everyone in our
group was
very friendly. We felt very close to each other.
We shared everything
—
food,
work,
ideas.
But
life
isn’t
easy
with
no
gas
or
electricity,
no
machin
es
—
and
no
bathrooms, either.
I was glad to get back to civilization!
Task 4
【答案】
1)
They used to build camps in the forest or on open ground.
2)
They were made of branches and leaves or grass.
3)
Because they wanted to find more food.
4)
Life is a lot easier. There are fewer dangers, but there is less excitement.
5)
Because they try to get back to nature.
【原文】
Human beings
have lived on this earth for at least two million
years. For most of that time
people did
not live in towns. Sometimes they used to camp in
caves. Sometimes they used to build
camps in the forest or on open ground.
These camps were just groups of simple houses that
were
made of branches and leaves or
grass.
Only about thirty people lived
in each camp. The men used to go hunting while the
women
and
children collected
food
from
the
trees
and
other
plants
around
the
camp.
All
the
food
was
shared between everyone in the group.
Every a few weeks they moved to another place in
order to
find
more
food
there.
It
was
a
simple
life,
but
people
had
to
be clever.
They
had
to
make
everything that they
needed, and they had to know a lot about plants
and animals. Man
’
s body and
brain were formed by this kind of life.
Nowadays a lot of people live in big
towns and cities, and they work in offices and
factories.
Life is a lot easier than it
was in the old days. There are fewer dangers, but
there is less excitement.
Most people
do not have to hunt for food, but they have to
stay in one place for most of their lives.
They get some excitement from sport and
films, but many of them feel that modern
civilization is
too
unnatural.
A
few
of
them
go
looking
for
adventure
—
sailing
round
the
world,
climbing
mountains, or exploring
caves. Most people look forward to the holidays,
because then they can
enjoy a change. A
lot of them go camping in the country, or by the
sea. They try to get back to
nature.
They try to live as people did thousands of years
ago. But they also take a lot of modern
luxuries with them. Camping today is
very different from camping in the old days.
Task 5
【答案】
l) Because windsurfing is more
exhilarating than swimming, and you can get away
from it all/you
can be alone with
nature.
2) He’s an opera singer.
3) They are rather amused.
4) Social tennis.
5) Line
decisions and the score.
6) Because she
is now engaged in politics.
7) Because
when you are playing it, you can’t think of
anything else/your are totally absorbed in
the game; and you feel very happy when
you do a really good shot.
8) The
muffed shot at the net.
【原文】
A
I
think
windsurfing
is
better
than
swimming.
More
exhilarating.
You
can
really
get
away
from it all. I love
being alone with nature, and when you’re out there on the water you can come
around a headland
and suddenly find that you
’
re completely alone. Just me and the sea and the
mind in my hair. Once, when I was
working in San Diego, I suddenly felt
I
’
d had enough of opera
—
studying the role and the stuffiness of the rehearsal rooms
—
and found going out windsurfing
a
tremendous escape.
I
think
most
of
my
singer
colleagues
are
rather
amused
by
the
idea
of
me
windsurfing.
However, these days, at least 50
percent of singers keep physically fit in some way
—
playing golf,
or
working out in gyms. A few years ago they tended
to be a lot fatter, but now they are conscious
of the need to keep fit.
B
Social tennis is what I
like best. Playing doubles with about eight
regular friends for fun. It
’
s
generally a noisy, boisterous kind of
game, with constant shouts of frustration.
We have long, loud arguments about line
decisions, followed up by long arguments about the
score. We
’
re all pretty aggressive, and I think I make it worse, actually. I have noticed that since I
entered
politics my game has got a lot more aggressive,
and I am very argumentative about the
score.
The wonderful
thing about tennis is that when you are playing
it, you can
’
t think of anything
else. Your mind is totally absorbed in
the game. And when you do that really good shot
the elation
is incredible. On the other
hand, however, there is probably no frustration
greater than the muffed
shot at the
net.
Task 6
【答案】
A.
1) F,
2) F,
3) F,
4) T,
5) T
B.
take
diet, developed, food, hamburgers, overproduction,
wax-like, livers, survival, narrower, blood
supply, heart attack, stroke, animal
fats, fresh fruit, vegetables, potatoes
begin slowly, squash, injuries,
rhythmic, gentle, brisk walking, fifteen minutes,
three times
【原文】
Dr. Martin Answay writes a column in a
popular women’s magazine on health problems. He
is also an expert on heart disease.
Q:
Is
there
a
secret
to
good
health?
I
mean,
is
there
some
way
we
can
achieve
it
which
is
not
generally known?
A: It
certainly isn’t a secret. However, there is a
great deal of ignorance, even among
supposedly
educated people,
about how to be reasonably healthy.
Q:
Well, what advice do you give, then?
A:
Uh... to begin with, take diet. I believe that one
of the greatest dangers to health in Britain and
other countries, particularly developed
countries, is the kind of food we tend to prefer.
Q: Such as?
A: Such as that
great national institution, the British breakfast,
for example. Ham and eggs. Or the
kind
of lunch so many people in this country have:
sausage and chips! Or all the convenience
foods like hamburgers. Or even things
we regard as “healthy”, such as full
-fat milk. Or Cheddar
cheese. The list is
endless.
Q: What’s wrong with those
things?
A: The excessive
consumption of such things leads to the
overproduction of cholesterol, which in
turn results in heart atta...
Q: Excuse me, but what exactly is
cholesterol?
A: It’s a...
wax
-like substance...yellowish...
and it’s produced naturally in our livers. We all need
some cholesterol for
survival.
Q: Well, if we need it, in
what way is it bad for us?
A: Too much
of it is bad for us. It builds up in our arteries,
causing them to get narrower, so that
our blood supply has difficulty in
getting through, and this, of course, can
eventually end in a
heart attack or
stroke. The point I’m trying to make here is that,
even though we all need some
cholesterol in order to insulate our
nerves, and to produce cell membranes and
hormones, the
things many of us eat and
even consider healthy lead to the overproduction
of cholesterol. And
this is very
dangerous.
Q: How can we avoid this
overproduction of cholesterol?
A: By
cutting down our consumption of animal fats:
things like red meat, cheese, eggs, and so on.
And
by
increasing
our
consumption
of
fresh
fruit
and
vegetables,
and
also
by
eating
more
potatoes, rice,
pasta and bread.
Q
: Pasta? Potatoes? But... aren’t such things fattening?
A: Nonsense. It isn’t
pasta, potatoes or bread that makes us fat. It’s
what we put on such things!
Cheese, butter, meat!
Q: So
anything we like, anything that’s delicious, is
bad for us. Isn’t that what you’re saying?
A:
Rubbish!
I’m
simply
saying
we
eat
too
much
of
these
thi
ngs.
And
there
are
many
ways
of
preparing delicious food without using
such large quantities of animal fats.
Q: Last of all, what about exercise?
You recently warned against certain forms of
exercise, which
you said could be
dangerous.
A: What I said was that if
people aren’t used to getting regular and vigorous exercise, they should
begin slowly, and not try to do too
much at the beginning! I also said that certain
games, such as
squash,
can
be
dangerous,
particularly
if
you
aren’t
used
to
playing
them
.
A
number
of