中南财经大学会计学硕-导游词欢迎词
现
代
大
学
英
语
听
力
原
文
及
答
案
2
精品文档
Unit 1
Task 1
【答案】
A.
1) She wanted to
see St. Paul
’
s Cathedral.
2) She was so surprised because she saw
so many Englishmen who looked alike.
3)
They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats,
carrying umbrellas and
newspapers.
4) Because she had often read about
them and seen photographs of them, who all
looked as if they were wearing a
uniform.
5) No, he
didn
’
t.
6) He used the
English saying
“
It takes all kinds to make a world
”
to prove his
opinion.
B.
If
all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it
would be! And if all the trees were
one
tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this
tree were to fall in the sea, what a
great splash there would be!
【原文】
Yesterday
morning Gretel went to the City of London. She
wanted to see St.
Paul's Cathedral. She
was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked
alike.
They were all wearing dark suits
and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas
and newspapers. When she returned home
she asked Mr clark about these strange
creatures.
about them and
seen photographs of them. They all look as if they
are wearing a
uniform. Does the typical
English gentleman still exist?
Mr.
Clark laughed.
many of the men who work
in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I
suppose
they are typical Englishmen.
But look at this.
pointed at a photo of
a young man.
no such thing as a
'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English
saying 'It takes all
kinds to make a
world'? That's true of all countries-including
England.
“
Oh, just like the poem
‘
If All the Seas Were One Sea
’
,
”
Gretel began to hum
happily. If all the seas were one
sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the
trees
were one tree, what a great tree
that would be! And if this tree were to fall in
the sea,
w
hat a great splash that would be!”
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) people were much busier
2) colder than England; minus thirty
degrees; last longer
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
3) much more
mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more
beautiful
4) tend to be more crowded
5) the houses; smaller
B.
1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F
【原文】
John is British
but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from
Osaka, but she
is studying in Britain.
In the following passage you are going to hear,
they are
comparing life as they see it
in the two countries. But before listening to it,
think of
the two countries and try to
answer the following pre-listening questions.
John: I found that living
in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work
the
whole day.
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in
summer. You
know, summer in Japan is jus
t horrible. It’s very, very humid and hot
,
and you need to shower three times a
day.
John: So you find it cooler in
England?
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right.
John: Where I was living
in Japan, in the North, it was much colder than
England,
especially in winter, minus
thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in
Osaka last
longer than the winter in
England?
Etsuko:
No, I don’t think so. December, January, February, March.
John:
Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.
Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I
noticed that the countryside here in England is
very beautiful.
John:
It’s much flatter than in Japan.
Etsuko: Yes. Japan is a mountainous
country and our cities are full of people.
There are lots of people in a limited
flat area.
John: Yes, I found Japan
much more mountainous than Britain, especially in
the
north. The mountains are much
higher and much more rocky. I found it more
beautiful than Britain, I think.
Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.
John: And therefore the towns and
villages tend to be more crowded.
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right.
John: Yes. So because the
cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be
smaller,
don’t they?
Etsuko:
Yes, they are very compact, and we don’t have a lot of space. In big
cities we have a lot of taller
buildings now.
John: Is this a problem
because there are more earthquakes in Japan?
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right and…
Task 3
【答案】
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
A.
1) In the US, people usually dance just
to enjoy themselves; they don
’
t invite other
people to watch them.
2)
Usually eight people dance together.
3)
Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side of
the square.
4) He usually
makes it into a song.
5) They wear old-
fashioned clothes.
B.
1) F
2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T
C.
1) eight people form a square; on each
side of the square
2) what they should
do; makes it into a song; sings it
3)
don
’
t have much time to think
4) old-fashioned clothes
【原文】
Rosa: Why don’t
you have folk dances in the United States? Most
countries have
special dances that the
people have done for many years. The dancers wear
clothes from the old days. Everyone
likes to watch them dance.
Steve: We have folk dances, too. A lot
of people belong to folk dancing groups. But
when they dance, they usually do it
just to enjoy themselves.
They don’t
invite other people to watch
them.
Rosa: Is there a folk
dancing group here?
Steve: I
think so. There must be. There’s one in almost
every city, and some big cities
have
several.
Rosa: What are the
dances like?
Steve: Usually
eight people dance together, four men and four
women. When they
start, they form a
square, with a man and a woman on each side of the
square.
That’s why it’s called square dancing.
Then there’s a man who tells
the dancers what they should
do. He usually makes it into a song. He sings
it while they dance.
Rosa: Oh, that should make the dances
easy!
Steve: Yes, but they
are very fast. They
don’t have much time to think.
I like to
watch them,
though. The dancers wear old-fashioned clothes.
That makes
the dances pretty to
watch.
Rosa: I’d like to watch
a g
roup dance.
Steve:
I’ll take you sometime.
Task 4
【答案】
1) It was a time to celebrate the end
of winter and the beginning of spring.
2) They burned the picture of their
kitchen god to bring good luck.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
3) The custom
said the brides must wear
“
something old, something new, something
borrowed,
and something blue
”
to bring good luck.
4)
Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried
to use up these
things before Lent began.
5)
It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.
6)
People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into the
church people dressed them up
in flowers and ribbons.
【原文】
1) On the evening of February 3rd,
people in Japanese families took one dried bean
for each year of their age and threw
the beans on the floor, shouting
Evil
spirits out!
winter and the beginning of
spring.
2) Before the Chinese Lunar New
Year in the old days, many Chinese families burned
the picture of their kitchen god to
bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day
came, they put ancw picture of the
kitchen god on the wall.
3) When
American women got married, they sometimes
followed an old custom in
choosing what
to wear on their wedding day. The custom said the
bride must wear
was to bring
good luck.
4) Before Lent (a time on
the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti,
Italy ate an
omelet made with 1,000
eggs. People could not eat meat, eggs or dairy
products
during Lent, so they tried to
use up these things before Lent began.
5) When winter ended in Czech, the
children made a straw man called
was a
figure of death. They burned it or threw it in the
river. After they destroyed it,
they
carried flowers home to show the arrival of
spring.
6) January 17th was St.
Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people
brought
their animals to church. But
before the animals went into the church, the
people
dressed them up in flowers and
ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's
animals.
Task 5
【答案】
A.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7)
T
B.
Advantages
Lots of servants to do the work
beautiful clothes to wear
lots of tea parties
life
being slower
plenty of time to talk to
each other
Disadvantages
Terrible life for servants
very uncomfortable clothes
boring and formal tea parties
—
often no
men being
invited
much more illness
children left with servants all day
very poor education
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
【原文】
no freedom for
women
Man: Well, I think life used to
be much more fun than it is now. I mean, look at
the
Victorians. They had lots of
servants to do all the work; they never had to do
any cooking or cleaning; they just wore
those beautiful dresses and went to
tea
parties.
Woman: You must be joking!
Their clothes were terribly uncomfortable and
their tea
parties were very formal and
boring. They used to wear their hats and long
gloves even when they were eating cakes
and biscuits. And men were not
usually
invited.
Man: Really? Weren't they?
Woman: And think of the poor servants.
What a terrible life
—
just cleaning and
cooking for other people all the
time!
Man: But you hate housework!
Woman: Yes, I know, but there are lots
of machines now to help you with the
housework. People don't need servants.
Man: Maybe they don't, but life then
was much slower than it is now-people
nowadays are always rushing, and they
never have time to stop and enjoy
themselves.
Woman: Life then
was fine for the rich, but it was dreadful for the
poor. There was
much more illness. They
didn't have the money to pay doctors, and they
often
used to die of illnesses that
don't exist in England now.
Man:
Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play
the piano or play cards
together.
Nowadays people just sit in front of the
television for hours and
never talk to
each other.
Woman: I agree with you
about television; but what about their children?
They left
their Children with the
servants all day. Children hardly ever saw their
parents! And the clothes they had to
wear! Horrible, tight, uncomfortable,
grown-up clothes. Children have a much
better life now than they used to,
and
schools and education are much better too.
Man: I hate school.
Woman:
And look at opportunities for women. In those
days, women used to stay at
home, play
the piano, change their clothes several times a
day and have tea
parties. What a life!
They didn't have any freedom at all. I'm very
happy
living now. I can work, have a
career, do what I want to.
Man: You
mean you can work hard all your life like a
Victorian servant.
Woman: Life isn't
all tea parties, you know.
Task 6
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) a 3) c 4) a
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
B.
1)
family unit; process; change; used to be; the
extended; the nuclear
2) job
patterns; progressed; agricultural; industrial;
forced; job opportunities; split up
3)
traditional; family; expanded; other living
arrangements
C.
1) mother,
father, children, and some other relatives, such
as grandparents, living in
the same
house or nearby
2)
only the parents and the children
3)
previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from
former marriages into a new family
【原文】
The American
family unit is in the process of change. There
used to be mainly
two types of
families: the extended and the nuclear.
The extended family most often included
mother, father, children, and some
other relatives, such as grandparents, living in
the
same house or nearby. Then as job
patterns changed and the economy progressed
from agricultural to industrial, people
were forced to move to different parts of the
country for job opportunities. These
moves split up the extended family. The nuclear
family became more prevalent; this
consisted of only the parents and the children.
Now besides these two types of
traditional groupings, the word
expanded to include a variety of other
living arrangements.
Today's
family can be made up of diverse combinations.
With the divorce rate
nearly one in
two, there is an increase in single parent homes:
a father or mother
living with one or
more children.
men and women marry
again and combine the children from former
marriages into a
new family. On the
other hand, some couples are deciding not to have
any children at
all, so there is an
increase in childless families. There are also
more people who live
alone: single,
widowed, divorced. Now one in five Americans lives
alone.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
Study subjects like history
or English
Study engineering
Go to university to get good jobs
Look for a good job because they want a
good
husband
Look for a good
job because they want to be
successful
Work for a lifetime
Men
√
√
√
Women
Both
√
√
√
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Work up to ten
years
Get married by twenty-seven
Cook the meals
Look after
the children
Go out for a drink after
work
Come home by four o'clock in the
afternoon
B.
1)
c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c
【原文】
√
√
√
√
√
√
In Japan both
men and women go to university and both men and
women study
the arts such as history or
English. But very few women study science,
medicine or
engineering. In engineering
classes of thirty or forty students, there may be
only one
or two women. Men and women
both go to university in order to get good jobs:
men
want to work for a big company, be
successful, earn a lot of money and support a
family; women, on the other hand, want
to work for a big company because they have
a better chance of meeting a successful
man and getting married. This is changing,
however, as Japanese women begin to
think about their own careers. They have began
to take jobs which they like rather
than jobs in order to find a husband.
Men work for their whole lives and usually stay
with the same company. A woman
may work
up to ten years, but after that she usually gets
married. Most women are
married by the
age of twenty seven, then they stay at home and
look after the children.
A man does not
cook or look after the children. When he comes
home, his meal must
be ready. The woman
may go out in the afternoon, shopping with her
friends or
having a chat, but she must
go back home by four o'clock to prepare the meal.
Then
she may have to wait a long time
for her husband to come home. Often he has to go
out for a drink after work: if he
doesn't he may not rise very high in the company.
After her children grow up, a woman can
go back to work, but it is not easy. If her
former company takes older women back,
she might be lucky. But most women find
it difficult to find a job when they
are older.
Task 8
【答案】
A.
1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7)
c 8) b
B.
1) T 2) T 3) F
4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F
【原文】
Matthew: Geth,
how do people set about getting married in
England?
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Geth: I
suppose the most common way is still for people to
go home. For example,
people who live
in London now will go back to their homes in the
provinces
where they'll meet all their
relatives and their parents, and they'll get
married in a church, with the bride
wearing white, the traditional white.
Then they'll go off and have a booze-up
with their relatives and friends and
a
jolly good time will be had by all. Otherwise you
can get married in a
registry office,
which means you turn up with your bride-to-be or
bridegroom-to-be with two witnesses
only. The ceremony takes about five
minutes, I suppose. You sign the form
and that's it.
Matthew: There are many
today who say that marriage is a complete waste of
time.
What's your view of marriage in
the twentieth century?
Goth: Well, I
live in London as you know. I think in London, the
tendency is to...
for a... boy and
girl, man or woman to live together before
marriage and
often to live together
without any prospect of marriage at all. I think
this
probably is... is true of London
and the other big cities than elsewhere,
because after all people in London are
living in a big place where home ties
are obviously less restrictive. They
can do more or less as they please and I
think this is the pattern.
Matthew: But do you think it helps for
people to live together before taking their
vows?
Geth: I think in a
sense the habit of living together before marriage
may, in a strange
sort of way, make
marriage stronger, because after all the people
will know
each other better when they
do get married and it might be suggested that
divorce would be less likely between
such a couple.
Matthew: Sue, you've
been married for two or three years now. How's it
working out?
Sue: I think it's a
successful marriage. It's... I mean, it's
difficult to say why,
because we
basically suit each other very much. We have a
good friendship,
apart from anything
else, and, you know, we just go together very well
because we respect each other's freedom
and individuality, but on the other
hand we really need each other, you
know, it's...
Matthew: What about..,
have you thought of having children?
Sue: Well, obviously, like most young couples, we
have thought about it, but, you
know,
we both feel rather, sort of, loath to lose our
freedom just yet. I think
we'll
probably wait another few years.
Matthew: Is it easy in England today to
people to get divorced, or is that quite
difficult?
Chris: I think
technically it's probably fairly easy, I think,
because I'm not English
but, I think
technically it's fairly easy to be... to get
divorced. But it's not just
the
technicality of it which is the problem. Divorce
is... is a social stigma
which people
can probably Cope with to varying degrees, but
it's also a lot
easier for the man
because the woman, after she is divorced is, in
fact,
frowned upon by... by a lot of
people in society. She is... is... at a... a much
more difficult social position in terms
of... of meeting other men, or whatever,
simply because she is a divorcee.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Task
9
【原文】
Social customs
and ways of behaving change. But they do not
necessarily always
change for the
better. Things which were considered impolite many
years ago are now
acceptable. Just a
few years ago, it was considered impolite
behaviour for a man to
smoke on the
street. No man who thought of himself as being a
gentleman would
make a fool of himself
by smoking when a lady was in the room.
The important thing to remember about
social customs is not to do anything that
might make other people feel
uncomfortable
—
especially if they are your guests.
There is a story about
a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner
party. When the
food was served, one of
the guests started to eat his peas with a knife.
Other guests
were amused or shocked,
but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and
began
eating in the same way. It would
have been bad manners to make his guest feel
foolish or uncomfortable.
Unit 2
Task 1
【答案】
1)
b 2) a 3) d
【原文】
Texas was the biggest state before
Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959.
One good way to understand the size of
Texas is to learn about its weather. Different
parts of the state have very different
kinds of weather.
Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best
time
to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is
pleasantly warm.
Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in
Amarillo than in New York, which is a
northern city. Summers are better, but
sometimes it gets quite hot. The best
time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is
cool.
If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What p
art of
Texas do you
mean
？
”
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1)
T 2) F 3) F
B.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
1) d 2) c 3) c
C.
climate,
reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet,
clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild
【原文】
Our friend,
Nick, whose English gets better and better,
declared solemnly the
other day that he
thought that the British climate was wonderful,
but the British
weather was terrible.
He went on to explain by pointing out that the
British climate
was a temperate one.
This meant, he said,
weather would
never be extreme
—
at any rate not for any length of time
—
never
very hot and never very
cold.
according to the statistics, was
not very heavy.
climate such a bad
reputation?
extraordinary, unreliable
weather. There was no part of the year at which
you could be
certain that the weather
would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A
bad day in
July could be as cold as a
mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at
almost
any time of the year. Nick
blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed
you could
also blame the small amount
of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He
advised
every student coming to Britain
to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning
of that splendid word
Task 3
【答案】
I.
the country; Trees, grass, lakes and
steams
II.
A.
1. concrete, iron, steel
2.
take in the heat during the day and throw off heat
into the air at night
B. Warmer
winters, car engines; electrical appliance
Ⅲ
.
A. air pollution
may stop sunlight from reaching the earth
B.
1. Ice near the North and
South poles to melt
2. to be slowly
flooded and people living in these cities to move
to higher land
【原文】
Cities change the climate around you.
In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes,
and streams. In hot weather, the trees
and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and
rivers also cool the area around them.
But cities are not cooled in these
natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt,
concrete,
iron, and
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
steel. There are
few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls
onto the streets and
into the sewers.
When the summer sun shines, streets
and buildings take in the heat; after the sun
sets, the streets and buildings throw
off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the
countryside cools off, but a city may
stay hot all night.
Cities are
hotter than the countryside in winter, too.
Standing near a car with its
motor
running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat
thrown off by the engine. The
heat
comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This
heat warms the air and the
ground
around the car. Thousands of running cars are
almost like thousands of small
fires
burning.
Carefully put your hand
near a light bulb or television set. As you can
see,
electricity creates a lot of heat.
This heat from electricity warms the house and the
outside air.
The heat
given off by cities can affect the climate. Some
experts even believe that
cities can
change the climate of the whole world. They think
that air pollution may
stop sunlight
from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches
the earth, the earth may
become cooler.
Still other experts think the world
will get warmer. If the world did get warmer,
great changes would occur. Ice near the
North and South poles would melt. This
would make the oceans rise. Cities near
oceans
—
like Los Angeles, Boston, and
Miami
—
would slowly be flooded. People living in these cities would have to move
to higher land.
Task 4
【答案】
A.
1)
b 2) c
B.
night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, head
C.
1) F 2) T 3) F
【原文】
A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one
of the spectacular and beautiful weather
predictors we have in nature. By
closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve
short-range accuracy of the weather as
good as, or better than your local weatherman.
In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16,
2-
3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will
be fair weather: for
the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul
weather today:
for the sky is
red
” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb
based on this
passage is:
Red sky at night, sailors
delight.
Red sky at morning, sailors
take warning.
Or
Evening red
and morning gray,
Sends the traveler
on his way.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Evening gray,
morning red,
Brings the rain down on
his head.
At dusk, a red sky indicates
that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the
sun
shining through dust particles
being pushed ahead of a high pressure system
bringing
in dry air. A red sky in the
morning is due to the sun again shining through
dust. In
this case however, the dust is
being pushed on by an approaching low reassure
system
bringing in moisture. Don't
confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in
the
morning. If the sun itself is red
and the sky is a normal color, the day will be
fair.
Task 5
【答案】
1)
c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c
【原文】
Mark: I am
an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself
on the river in
a raft during lightning
storms. We always have a debate at these
times on where we are safest
—
pulling into shore or staying on the
water. Since I have heard one is
safe in a car when lightning strikes
I
wonder if the raft floating on the water is
insulated, and therefore
the safest
place to be.
Meteorologist A: We spoke
with some scientists about your question, and they
all
agreed that under no circumstances
should you remain on the water
during a
lightning storm. If your raft is made of rubber,
you might
feel that you're .well
insulated, but don't kid yourself. Typical
lightning flashes travel 10 to 15
kilometers and can deliver as much
as
100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster
uses about 10
amps of current. If
lightning strikes the water near you, it will have
no trouble traveling through a few
extra centimeters of rubber.
Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the
water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the
shore and seek shelter on land. Try a
building or car. If neither is
available, look for a cave, cliff,
wall, or a group of trees. Never take
shelter under an isolated tree-it's
also a good target for lightning.
Task 6
【答案】
A.
1)
F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T
B.
Incredible,
one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up,
carried away, killed,
injured
【原文】
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Every spring and
summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A
tornado is a
kind of storm. It's a
revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves
through the
sky at very high speeds. A
tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone
whirling
through the sky. The speed of
a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be
between 200
and 700 kilometers per
hour.
Tornados form under very special
weather conditions, and these special weather
conditions occur most often in inland
areas, such as the central United States. A
tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry
air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air.
This combination of dry, warm air above
wet, cool air creates a condition that causes
the lower layer of air to lift up. As
the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to
rotate,
to turn around and around. The
air begins to rotate faster and faster because of
centrifugal force. The tornado has a
center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly
around this eye.
As the
air begins to rotate faster and faster, the
tornado cloud begins to grow
downward;
that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and
this cone goes down toward
the ground.
The cone of air is dark because it
develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud
gets longer, as the cloud gets closer
to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the
ground. Then the funnel of
rotating air becomes very dark because
of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets
longer, it begins to drag along the
ground.
When the tornado touches
the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually
touches
the ground for only about one
minute, and it usually travels along the ground
for only
about one kilometer, but
during that one minute, buildings are destroyed,
trees are
lifted up out of the ground,
small objects are carried away, and sometimes
people are
injured or killed.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) a 3) b
B.
1) It has been nice
weather during the day, but it is going to change
at night.
2) Fine weather in southern
Europe and not so nice in northern Europe
For today
Southeast England
---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon
Southern Scotland---Maximum
temperatures of around 21 degrees
Brighton---15 hours of lovely sunshine
Midlands---23 degrees Celsius by early
afternoon
Northwest of Scotland---Light
showers around midday
For the weekend
Spain---34 degrees Celsius
Greece---32 degrees Celsius
France---Cloudy with rain, maximum
temperatures of 22 degrees
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Northern Ireland
---Heavy rain, 17 degrees Celsius
Most
of England---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny
periods, 23 degrees Celsius
【原文】
Radio Announcer: You
’
re listening to Radio Metro. It
’
s two minutes to nine, and time
for the
latest weather for cast from Dan Francis at the
London Weather Centre.
Francis: Hello.
It's been another warm and fine day for most of
us. Temperatures in
southeast England
reached 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and
Brighton had 15
hours of lovely
sunshine. Further north it was a little cooler
with maximum
temperatures of around 21
degrees in southern Scotland, and in the far
northwest of
Scotland there were some
light showers around midday. But the rest of the
country, as
I said, has been warm and
dry with temperatures in the Midlands reaching 23
degrees
Celsius by early afternoon
though it was a little cooler along the west coast
and in
Northern Ireland. But already
the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid,
and
during the night showers will
slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-
west
England and the southern coast of
Wales by early morning.
The rest of the
country will have a very mild, dry night with
minimum temperatures
no lower than 15
degrees in the south, a little cooler
—
11degrees or so
—
in the
north. Any remaining showers in
northwest Scotland will pass quickly to leave a
mild,
dry night there too.
And now the outlook for Friday and the
weekend. Well, southern Europe will, once
again, get the best of the weekend
weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend,
then southern Spain is the place to go,
with temperatures of 34 degrees along the
Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end
of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted
sunshine and temperatures of up to 32
degrees Celsius in Greece and southeast Italy,
but further north the weather's not so
settled. Much of France, Belgium and the
Netherlands will be cloudy with
occasional rain, and maximum temperatures will be
around 22 degrees
—
very disappointing for this time of the year.
Scotland and Northern Ireland will have
heavy rain for much of the weekend and
temperatures will drop to a cool 17
degrees. Across most of England the weather will
be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny
periods. And when the sun does come out,
temperatures could rise to a maximum of
23 degrees.
Task 8
【答案】
Natural
Phenomena
Air
Pressure
(Rise or
Fall)
Fall
Fall
Causes
Faraway
objects are
focused.
Birds
’
calls become
Sharper.
Swamp
doesn
’
t smell very
Rise
The dust particles
begin to settle to the
ground in thinner air and the air
clears.
Instead of traveling upward and
outward
into the atmosphere they are
bent back to
the earth and their range
extended.
The methane is trapped
in the bottom of
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
strong.
Bird fly high.
Smoke
rise high in the air
Elderly
people
’
s joints
ache.
【原文】
Rise
Rise
Fall
the swamp
because of the thick air.
Birds
prefer to fly where the air is the
densest and they can get greater lift
with
their wings
Smoke rises with thicker air.
The gas in our bodies expands in lower
air pressure.
As the
air pressure around you either rises or falls,
many changes in nature occur.
Most of
these are very obvious changes while others are of
a more subtle nature.
Mountains and
other far away objects will appear to be much
closer and more
sharply focused as wet
weather approaches and the air pressure drops. The
dust
particles in the air begin to
settle to the ground and the air clears, allowing
you to see
more details of faraway
objects. As a high pressure front approaches and
the air
becomes “thicker,” more dust
particles become suspended in air and things take
on
their normal somewhat hazy
appearance.
“Sharp horns on the moon
threaten bad weather.” This an
d a bright, clear moon
are good indicators that wet
weather is on the way. As the air clears of dust
particles
ahead of a low pressure
system, the moon appears to come closer and be
more sharply
focused due to the lack of
dust.
Sound also becomes sharper and
more focused prior to stormy weather. Instead
of traveling upward and outward into
the atmosphere sound waves are bent back to
the earth and their range extended.
Bird calls sound sharper, and, at my house, we can
hear the blowing of the train horn as
it rumbles through the valley below.
If
you find yourself out in a marsh or swamp and the
air really seems to stink
more than
normal, expect rainy weather. This happens when
the pressure drops and
the methane
trapped on the bottom of the swamp is released in
greater quantities. In
reverse, as fair
weather approaches and the pressure rises, things
won't smell quite so
strong.
Birds and bats have a tendency to fly
much lower to the ground right before a
rain due to the “thinning” of the air.
They prefer to fly
where the air is the most dense
and they can get greater
lift with their wings. With high pressure and dry
air, the
atmosphere becomes denser and
they can easily fly at higher altitudes.
Smoke rising straight into the air
means fair weather and smoke hanging low
means rain is on the way. This is
pretty much the same as with the birds and methane
in the swamp. When high pressure
approaches, smoke will rise whereas with low
pressure it can't rise and tends to lay
low.
Remember a grandparent talking
about how their corns, bunions, or joints ached
right before a rain? Again, this is due
to the decreasing atmospheric pressure allowing
the gas in our bodies to expand.
Task 9
【答案】
A.
Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
B.
f<
/p>
—
c
—
a
—
d
—
b
—
e
C.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F
D.
1)
d 2) b
【原文】
It was 1974.
Richard Nixon was still president. Kidnapped
heiress Patty Hearst
was still missing.
In Xenia, a pretty spot of 25,000 people amid
fields of soybeans and
corn, American
Graffiti was held over at the Cinema. The Xenia
Hotel offered a
chicken and dumpling
dinner for $$2.25, but everyone flocked to the A&W
drive-in for
burgers and root beer
floats. That's where five of the bodies were found
after the
storm.
In all, 33
people died in Xenia's tornado, the deadliest of
148 storms that raged
through 13 states
during the infamous
1974. In 16 hours
and 10 minutes, 330 people were killed and nearly
5,550 were
injured from Illinois to
Georgia.
Though the Xenia death toll
has been matched by other killer storms, the
degree
of devastation makes the city's
tornado among U.S. history's most destructive. The
storm still is studied in colleges by
aspiring meteorologists, a textbook case of a rare
Category F-5, the most intense of
tornadoes.
On that fateful day, I was a
young boy of 8 years old. We lived in the
Arrowhead
Subdivision. That afternoon I
was around the corner playing with some neighbor
kids.
I thought I could hear my father
calling me, so I ran back to the house. Thinking
back
now, there is no way I would have
been able to hear him. I was too far away for a
voice to have traveled in the afternoon
noise. Besides, Dad had a very bad case of
tonsillitis that day. Like I was
saying, I went back home and got through the door
just
in time to answer the ringing
phone. On the other end of the phone was my
Mother.
Mom was working. She told me
she heard a bad storm was on the way. She told me
to
make sure the garage door was shut
and to stay inside. After I hung up the phone, I
settled down to watch
The Dennis Show
. To this day I can vividly remember the
electricity going out. I looked out
the large window in the living room and didn't
have
a clue as to what I was looking
at.
Dad was asleep on the couch, so I
woke him up to look. Dad looked and said to
get into the bathroom. We sat on the
floor. Dad had his back to the door and his feet
pushing against the wall opposite the
door. I remember that as soon as we sat down,
the windows broke. Glass blew under the
door, and the sound was tremendous. I
know it really did
n’t take too long for the tornado to go past, but I do remember the
conversation we had in the process.
I could feel the cool air rushing under the floor
through the crawlspace vents. I asked
if we were flying. He said he wasn't sure, but he
didn't think we were. He said the house
was tearing apart. I asked him how he knew.
He said he just knew it was.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
When things
calmed down, we opened the door. The odd feeling I
had, looking
up the street from inside
what once was my hallway, is still with me today.
I think back often to that day. I think
back and wonder what would have
happened if my Dad hadn't been sick
that day. Like a lot of kids, I stayed home by
myself after school back then. I
seriously doubt I would be able to tell you my
story,
if I had been alone that day. I
still live in Xenia and wouldn
’
t trade this town for any
other.
Task 10
【原文】
Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the
harshest places for human existence. It is cool
in summer but freezing cold in winter.
In Lhasa, the mildest city temperature may
exceed 29C in summer while plummeting
to -16C in winter! Sun radiation is
extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight
in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called
Sunlight City. The thin air can neither
block off nor retain heat so that the temperature
extremes can be met in daytime and the
same night respectively in Tibet. However it
is not impossible to visit the holy
snow land. April to October is the best time to
visit
Tibet, out of the coldest months,
which are from December to February usually. The
average temperature in north Tibet is
subzero and winter arrives in October until the
following May or June. July and August
are the best time to visit the area, enjoying
warm temperature, intense sunshine,
beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June
and September is the tourist season in
east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by
heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls
frequently occur, which will make travel
difficult.
Unit 3
Task 1
【答案】
A.
1) Stress on the job costs American
companies as much as $$150 billion a year in
lower productivity, unnecessary
employee sick leave, and higher medical costs.
2) The most stressful professions are
those that involve danger and extreme pressure
and those that carry a lot of
responsibility without much control.
3)
The best way to deal with stress is through
relaxation, but sometimes the only
answer is to fight back or walk away.
B.
1) Three-quarters
2) psychologists, doctors
3) nervousness, anger, frequent
illness, forgetfulness, mental problems
【原文】
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Stress on the
job costs American companies as much as $$150
billion a year in
lower productivity,
unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher
medical costs.
Three-quarters of the
office workers today say they suffer from stress
at work.
Recently, psychologists and
doctors have begun to study the problem more
closely.
They have discovered that the
most stressful professions are those that involve
danger,
extreme pressure and those that
carry a lot of responsibility without much
control.
The sign of stress range from
nervousness, anger, and frequent illness to
forgetfulness or even mental problems.
The best way to deal with stress is through
relaxation, but sometimes the only
answer is to fight back or walk away.
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1)
give in so easily to hijackers
’
demands
a) threaten to blow up a plane, commit
some other outage
b) hold out against
this kind of blackmail, always have terrorists,
Start executing
terrorists
automatically
c)
be prepared to face the consequences of evil
2)
a) It
’
s the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really
mean
business.
b)
Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.
B.
She implies that
if the first speaker was one of the victims of
terrorism, she would
want the
government to give in to the demands so that she
wouldn
’
t die.
【原文】
Margaret: Governments
give in so easily to hijackers’ demands
. A hijacker only has
to threaten to blow up a plane
or commit some other outrage, and a
government gives in to his demands.
Valerie: Naturally.
It’s the less
er of the two evils. What government would risk
innocent lives just to see
if terrorists will really do what they threaten to
do?
Terrorists have proven often enough
that they really mean business.
Margaret: Yes, but i
f a government doesn’t hold out against this ki
nd of blackmail, we
will
always have terrorists. Governments are afraid to
punish these people.
They almost always
let them go free. Start executing terrorists
automatically
wherever they land, and
terrorism will stop.
Valerie: And what
about the innocent lives that will be lost in the
process? Terrorism
is based on the
simple idea that threatening the innocent will
achieve its
ends.
Margaret:
You can
’
t get rid of evil without being prepared to face the consequences of
evil.
Valerie: So long as
you
’
re not one of the victims!
Task 3
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
【答案】
A.
1)
thirty-five, natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy
2) Mexico
3) ought to, shouldn
’
t
B.
1)
It is located in a narrow street with five-and six- storey buildings eight kilometers
from
downtown Los Angeles.
2) This factory
makes shirts and jeans
3)
She
’
s already been working for ten hours, but won
’
t stop for another two hours.
4) She can
’
t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.
【原文】
Eight kilometers from downtown Los
Angeles there is a narrow street with five-
and six-storey buildings. Inside one of
these buildings there is a small factory making
shirts and jeans. The women working in
the factory sit close together, each with a
small table, each with their own sewing
machine. The women say nothing, and work
hard. In one of the rooms there are
thirty-five women. There is only a little natural
light, and this comes from a small
window in the roof. The room is hot, airless, and
very noisy. On the left-hand side of
the room there is a young girl sitting next to the
wall. Every now and again she closes
her eyes, and her fingers stop working. She's
already been in her chair for ten
hours, but she'll be here until the bell rings
—
and
that won't be for
another two hours. Her name is Maria, and she
comes from Mexico.
She won't complain
about her work. She won't say that the working
hours ought to be
changed; she won't
say that the working conditions shouldn't be
permitted.
Task 4
【答案】
A.
Every year the British government
publishes statistics about social trends. Their
findings show definite patterns in the
British way of life.
1)
marked differences
a)
one hour more every day, three hours more every week
b)
1 percent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs or
improvements
c)
30 percent
2)
leisure activities, watching television, 20 hours a week, going for walks,
Swimming, British women
B.
Unlike the other
couples, Carla has always kept her won accounts
and Adrian has
always done his own
housework. Neither of them like watching
television very much
and they both like
swimming.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
【原文】
When Adrian Hutton and Carla Leone get
married they will move into a new
house
that they have bought. But what sort of life will
they have? What can they
expect in
modern Britain? Every year the British government
publishes statistics
about social
trends. Their findings show definite patterns in
the British way of life.
In most
marriages there are some marked differences
between husbands and
wives. Working
wives, for example, sleep (on average) one hour
more a day than
working husbands.
Housewives, on the other hand, sleep only about
three hours more
every week than their
working husbands. And what about housework? The
government survey showed that only 1%
of men do the household chores
—
like
cleaning and ironing. But they do
usually keep household accounts and it is always
men who do repairs or improvements in
the house. 30% of all marriages end in
divorce.
The government
survey also looked at leisure activities. They
found that the two
most popular leisure
activities in Britain are watching television (the
average family
spends 20 hours a week
in front of the TV set) and going for walks.
Swimming is an
especially popular
activity among British women.
Carla and
Adrian's life, though, will probably be different
from the average
marriage. In the first
place Carla has always kept her own accounts and
Adrian has
always done his own
housework. Neither of them like watching
television very much
and they both like
swimming.
Task 5
【答案】
A.
Topic: How a city in Japan solve the
problem of garbage disposal.
Supporting
details: 160 million, every year, 10 percent, 10
percent, the rest, public
cooperation
1) garbage that can be easily burned,
kitchen and garden trash
2) electrical
appliances, plastic tools, plastic toys
3) are poisonous, cause pollution,
batteries
4) bottles and glass
containers that can be recycled
5)
metal containers that can be recycled
6) furniture and bicycled
on
different days, on request, fertilizer, to produce
electricity, recycled, cleaned,
repaired, resold cheaply, give away
B.
1) The garbage will be
taken to a center that looks like a clean new
office building or
hospital. Inside the
center, special equipment is used to sort and
process the
garbage.
2)
Official from cities around the world visit
Machida to see whether they can use
some of these ideas and techniques to
solve their own garbage disposal problems.
【原文】
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Disposing of the
garbage we produce every day is a major problem in
cities
around the world. In the United
States, over 160 million tons of garbage are
produce
every year. Ten percent is
recycled, ten percent is burned, and the rest is
put in
landfills. But finding land for
new landfills is becoming more difficult.
A city that has solved this problem in
an unusual way is Machida, in Tokyo,
Japan. They have developed a totally
new approach to garbage disposal. The key to
the operation is public cooperation.
Families must divide their garbage into six
categories:
1. garbage that
can be easily burned (that is, combustible
garbage) such as
kitchen and garden
trash
?
;
2. noncombustible
garbage, such as small electrical appliances,
plastic tools, and
plastic
toys
?
;
3. products that
are poisonous or that cause pollution, such as
batteries and
fluorescent
lights
?
;
4. bottles and
glass containers that can be
recycled
?
;
5. metal
containers that can be recycled
?
;
6. large items, such as furniture and
bicycles.
The items in categories1 to 5
are collected on different days. Large items are
only collected upon request. Then the
garbage is taken to a center that looks like a
clean new office building or hospital.
Inside the center, special equipment is used to
sort and process the garbage. Almost
everything can be reused: garden or kitchen
trash becomes fertilizer; combustible
garbage is burned to produce electrical; metal
containers and bottles are recycled;
and old furniture, clothing, and other useful
items
are cleaned, repaired, and resold
cheaply or given away. The work provides
employment for handicapped person and
gives them a chance to learn new skills.
Nowadays, officials from cities around
the world visit Machida to see whether
they can use some of these ideas and
techniques to solve their own garbage disposal
problems.
Task 6
【答案】
1) They were
talking about Mrs. Carter.
2) She was a
tall, handsome woman who used to come into the
shop at least twice a
week.
3) She lived alone in a large house on
an old farm---about three miles from the shop.
4) He was absolutely certain, otherwise
he would never call the police. His evidence
was this: First, he saw her do it;
second, he found the things in her bag; third, she
had done it before.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
5) Because two
young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed that
if they didn
’
t
punish
her, young people would think that stealing
didn
’
t matter.
6) The
judge thought that it was difficult case from a
humanitarian point of view. The
excuses
her found for her were: First, the woman was old
and she lived alone---she
was lonely.
Second, she wasn
’
t poor---she was well-known for her generosity to
charities and she didn
’
t need to steal. Te items were only worth a pound or two.
Third, she pleaded not guilty and
she didn
’
t know that she had done it.
【原文】
Shopkeeper:
I knew Mrs. Carter very well. She was a tall,
handsome woman who
used to come into
the shop at least twice a week. She lived alone in
a large
house on an old farm
—
about three miles from here. People ask me if I
am certain she did
it. The answer is yes. I was absolutely certain,
otherwise
I would never have called the
police. In the first place, I saw her do it. I
watched her put the things into her bag
and I watched her walk out of the
store. In the second place, we found
the things in her bag, and finally, she
had done it before. It wasn't the first
time. I think she was in such a
confused state that she didn’t know
what sh
e was doing, but two other
people say her
—
two young people. We had to punish her, otherwise
young people would think that stealing
didn’t matter.
Judge: It was a
difficult case from a humanitarian point of view.
The woman was old
and she lived alone
—
sh
e was lonely. She wasn’t poor
—
she was well-known
for her generosity to charities and she
didn’t need to steal. The items were only
worth a pound or two. She pleaded not
guilty and said she didn’t know that she
had done it. From the legal point of
view the case was straightforward. The
woman stole; she was caught and
reported. There were witnesses. She had to be
punished or else no one could be
punished for stealing.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
not all modern cities are alike; modern city.
1) a single high-density center,
skyscrapers, motorways, as far as you can see
2) the low-density multi-center city, a
large collection of a number of small centers,
shopping centers, factories,
businesses, skyscrapers
B.
1) He thinks that the second type( the
Los Angeles model) is more sensible.
2)
He considers it highly likely that the kind of
city we know now will completely
disappear.
【原文】
Interviewer: Would you say then that
all modem cities are pretty much alike?
Urban Planner: Quite definitely not.
There seem to be two types of modem city. In
type one there is a single high-density
centre, and that's where you'll
find
the skyscrapers. This is surrounded by motorways.
And all
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
around this
centre, low-density suburbs stretch as far as you
can see.
This is like Houston, or
Calgary, or Toronto. Interviewer: And the
second type?
Urban Planner:
The other type is like Los Angeles
—
the low-density multi-centre
city. As
I'm sure you know Los Angeles is really a large
collection of
a number of small
centres, each with its shopping centres,
factories,
businesses, and skyscrapers
scattered everywhere. In a way it's almost
one enormous suburb.
Interviewer: Do you. think one type is better than
the other?
Urban Planner: I think the
Los Angeles model is more sensible.
Interviewer: And so do you think Los Angeles is
the city of the future?
Urban Planner:
Well, it is arguable that the next step after Los
Angeles is the
complete disappearance
of the city, with no real centre, where
well-
designed forms of urban life-modem
factories and office blocks
which are
clean and quiet, and beautiful forms of rural life
—
the
trees and parks of
suburbs, live side by side.
Interviewer: So are you saying that the city as we
know it will disappear...
Task
8
【答案】
A.
1) He thinks that this
country
’
s problems all come from inflation, which is the result
of the
Democrat
’
s careless spending.
2) No, she doesn
’
t agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment. If
the government cuts
spending too much, people will fall into a vicious
circle of
more unemployment and fewer
taxpayers to share the burden.
3) She
agrees with Barbara. She believes that
unemployment is a big problem,
especially in the big industrial
cities. And the government isn
’
t doing very much to
help the big
industries out.
4) He believes in the
free market system rather than government
regulation or
protection. He thinks
that without a lot of government interference
everything will
be okay.
5)
No, they think it
’
s bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected/ it
’
s bad for the
underprivileged.
B.
more and more money, come from
somewhere, higher taxes and higher prices
【原文】
Ned: ... you
know, I think this country's problems all come
from inflation. That's the
main cause
of our troubles right now. And what's causing the
inflation? It's
the reckless spending
of the Democrats! Every year they spend more and
more money, and that money has to come
from somewhere. So we pay it in
the
form of higher taxes and higher prices on the
goods we buy.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Barbara: Well,
I'm not sure that I agree with you. It seems to me
that inflation is only
one of our
problems. What about unemployment? If people don't
have jobs
because the government cuts
spending too much, they can't buy things; and
then you have a vicious circle of more
unemployment and fewer taxpayers
to
share the burden.
Ellen: You know, I
think Barbara may have something there.
Unemployment is a
big problem,
especially in the big industrial cities. The auto
industry is
fighting for its life right
now, and the government isn't doing very much to
help it.
Ned: Well, it's
true that the auto industry is in a mess, but I
don't think the answer is
in government
regulation or protection. I believe in the free
market system
—
let the system work without a lot of government interference, and
everything will be okay.
Ellen: So the strong will win, and the weak will
be defeated. Is that what you mean?
Ned: Well, that's the way it goes. The survival of
the fittest.
Barbara: And too bad about
the weak, the poor, the unprotected...
Ned: Now you're getting emotional. You have to
remain objective about these
things.
Let me give you an example of what I'm talking
about...
Task 9
【答案】
A.
1) The problem is whether or not the
inner city
—
the core of most urban areas
—
will
manage to
survive at all.
2) They moved to the
suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and
privacy.
3) As a result, suburbs began
to sprawl out across the countryside. Many cities
began
to fall into disrepair. And many
downtown areas existed for business only.
4) The result was that urban centers
declined even further and the suburbs expanded
still more.
5) Because from
the decision of the Taylors and many other young
couples, we can
see that some people
may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and
they
may have begun to miss the
advantages of culture and companionship provided
by
city life.
B.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) T
C.
1) middle-class, tax
money, neighborhoods
2) Crime, public
transportation
3) housing
construction costs, was allowed to, constructed
【原文】
A few years ago,
Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to
move out of
their New York City
apartment to the suburbs. They had one young son
and another
child on the way. But after
months of looking, they became discourage and
decided to
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
buy an old
townhouse right in the middle of Brooklyn, which
is a part of New York
City. To their
delight, they discovered that they weren’t the
only young couple to have
made such a
decision. In fact, their entire area in Brooklyn
had been settled by young
families. And
as a result, the neighborhood, which had been
declining for years, was
now being
restored.
Brooklyn isn’t the
only city in the United States to experience this
kind of
renewal. So are Philadelphia
and . And Charleston, South Carolina, has so
successfully
rebuilt its old central area that it now ranks as one of America’s most
charming cities. The restoration
of the old port
city
of Savannah, Georgia, is
also living proof that
downtown areas do not need to die. But encouraging
as these
developments may be, they are
among the few bright spots in a mass of
difficulties
that today’s cities face.
Indeed, their woes are so many that it is fair to
ask whether or
not the inner city the
core of most urban areas will manage to survive at
all.
In the 1940s, urban
Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in
search of
fresh air, elbow room, and
privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the
countryside. Since most of those making
the move were middle-class, they took with
them the tax money the cities needed to
maintain the neighborhoods in which they
had lived. The people left in the
cities were often those who were too old or too
poor
to move. Thus, many cities began
to fall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and
public transportation was neglected.(
In the past sixty years San Francisco is the only
city in the United States to have
completed a new mass transit system.) Meanwhile,
housing construction costs continued to
rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing
was allowed to decay, and little new
housing was constructed.
Eventually, many downtown areas existed
for business only. During the day they
would be filled with people working in
offices, and at night they would be deserted.
Given these circumstances, some
business executives began asking, “Why
bothe
r with
going downtown at
all? Why not move the offices to the suburbs so
that we can live
and work in the same
area?” Gradually, some of the larger companies
began moving
out of the cities, with
the result that urban centers declined even
further and the
suburbs expanded still
more. This movement of business to the suburbs is
not
confined to the United States.
Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in
Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany,
and in Brussels, Belgium, as well.
But it may well be that this movement
to the suburbs has reached its peak. Some
people may be tired of spending long
hours commuting, and they may have begun to
miss the advantages of culture and
companionship provided by city life. Perhaps the
decision made by the Taylors is a sign
that people will return to the cities and begin to
restore them. It begins to look as if
suburban sprawl may not have been the answer to
man’s need to create an ideal
environment in which to live and work.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Task 10
【答案】
A.
1) 54, 20, 1980, ?
70,000.
2) 30, 1980
3) a newspaper
article, to research the market
4)
another few months, in April 1981, a 1,500 sq ft
5) third, Canada, America, 20 percent,
?
1 million
6) 20, 70, 3
B.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4)F
5)T
C.
1) He was deeply
involved in the present job and rather enjoyed
himself. He thought
the shop was his
own little baby and thought it was fun to serve
behind the counter.
However, he also
thought that there was a lot more hard work than
he was used to;
he was working over the
weekend doing his books.
He called his old job “boring
trips to Manchester to sell
vast quantities of PVC”.
2) He
thought that there are far more job satisfaction;
and believed that he was
making money,
rather than making money for other people.
3) He was about to diversify into
commercial distribution of imported and
domestically produced wine and wines
he’s produced himself.
【原文】
William Rudd,
54, worked for ICI petrochemicals for 20 years
until 1980 when
he took early
retirement with &70,000. He opened his own
delicatessen and butcher's
shop in
Kensington and has just bought a second London
shop.
I knew about a year before I
left that I was going to go, so I looked around
for
office jobs. I had one of those
frustrating periods where I nearly got some jobs
but
then I didn't. Actually it was a
dinner party conversation which got me into the
shop.
A woman I knew said she was going
to open a delicatessen and thought it sounded
fun. So ! said,
amusing,
after a lifetime of industrial selling.
We found that the lease of the
building stipulated we had to keep it as a
butcher's
and I added fish and cheese
and things like that. I ended up spending far more
than I'd
ever intended.
I didn't really do much research, except for fish,
about which I knew nothing. I was
clearly going to be the person standing
behind the counter filleting, so I talked to one
person who showed me a little, supplied
me, and kept me under his wing for a little
while. But it's quite easy to learn
about fish; once you get used to gutting salmon
you're on your way. Meat is more
difficult; the skill is in the butchery, so I
employ
people for that. I had to learn
about equipment by trial and error.
I started in July
—
the worst time of the year for a shop like this
—
and the
overdraft kept going up. That
was rather frightening because there was no one
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
between me and
the bank manager. My reaction early on was that it
was bound to
come right. At the same
time I was deeply involved and rather enjoying
myself. It was
my own little baby and
it was fun to serve behind the counter
—
completely different
from boring trips to Manchester to sell
vast quantities of PVC. There was a lot more
hard work than I was used to; I was
working over the weekend doing my books.
I remember my accountant saying to
me when I was starting up,
going to do
for mental stimulation?
the sheer terror
of losing
money: I couldn't have
conceived of doing this 20 years ago. It was a
great leap in the
dark. I don't
know if I'm brave or foolish, or a bit
of both I suppose. But I do know that if I'd
listened to anyone I would never have
done it.
Les Shield, 30, a boiler technician, was made redundant from British Steel at
Consett in 1980. 145'th Mike
Heywood, a Consett transport manager made
redundant
at the same time, he started
British Brewing Products, manufacturing beer kits
and
now diversifi2ing into wine
production.
I read a newspaper
article about a company which had done quite well
in home
brew, and I started to research
the market 18 months before the closure at
Consett. By
the time the steelworks
were due to close I had a business plan ready. We
bought
some products which we had made
for us and went out into the wilds of Yorkshire
and Lancashire and sold them as a test.
It took two months before we got any repeat
business and that was a nail-biting
period. It took another few months to fend
premises and to get financial
assistance from BSC industry and the bank. We went
into production in April 1981
manufacturing home-brewing kits in a 1,500 sq ft
factory.
Let's face it,
in this area, there wasn't a lot of choice. You
could sit and vegetate and
spend your
redundancy money, you could move away and find new
employment, or
you could use your
redundancy money to sink or swim.
We're
swimming. We're actually doing very well. I like
being self-employed;
there's far more
job satisfaction. You know that at the end of the
day you're getting the
full value,
personally, of the work you do. That's what you're
in business for
—
to
make
money, rather than make money for other people. It
was obviously a strain
when I spent 5
days a week training, but after 18 months, we were
able to afford our
first salesman.
I think my wife was happy for me to
do what I've done. She accepted that there
would be a certain amount of stress
during the early days, but she probably realized
that if I was successful the rewards
would be there at the end of the day.
We're now in our third factory since we started.
We export our products to the
Republic
of Ireland, Canada and America; exports account
for 20 percent of
production. Our
turnover will exceed &1 million for the first time
this year.
We're about to diversify
into commercial distribution of imported and
domestically
produced wine and wines
we're producing ourselves. We employ 20 people at
the
moment but that will rise to 70 in
the next 3 months.
Task 11
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
【原文】
I could hear the guard blowing his
whistle, so I ran onto the platform and up to the
train. Luckily someone saw me coming, a
door opened, and I jumped on while the
train was moving out of the station.
“Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I
was sure the other passengers could
hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I
was in a cold sweat.
After
a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other
passengers. The
compartment was full,
but I was the only one standing. The people in the
carriage
turned their eyes away as they
noticed me looking at them; all except one, a
beautiful woman sitting in the corner.
I saw her watching me in the mirror.
Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She
had seen me running for the train: maybe
this was my lucky day after all. I
prepared to say hello.
She spoke
first, however. “Would you like my seat?” she
asked. “You look rather
ill.” That was
the day on which I realized I was getting
middle
-aged.
Unit 4
Task 1
【答案】
1) They were orphans and had nobody to
support them.
2) Each boy was given
only one bowl of gruel for supper and no more
—
far from
enough.
3) They boys were so hungry that they
could not bear it any more. They decided that
tone of them must ask the master for
more gruel. Olive Twist was chosen by casting
lots.
4) He never thought
that any boy would dare to ask for more food than
the given
portion. Therefore, he was
both surprised and angry on hearing
Oliver
’
s request.
5) He
was struck on the head by the master and pushed
out of the room. And for a
week Olive
remained prisoner in the cellar.
【原文】
Oliver Twist had
no parents and lived in the workhouse.
The room in which the boys had their food was a
large stone hall. Each boy was
given
one bowl of gruel and no more. The bowls never
needed washing. The boys
polished them
with their spoons. But still the boys were hungry.
Oliver Twist and the other boys
suffered from slow starvation for three months. At
last they got so wild with hunger that
one of the boys, who was tall for his age, said:
hungry eyes and the
boys believed him. The boys gathered and thought
of a plan.
gruel,
master
and ask for
more.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
So they
cast lots. The lot fell to Oliver Twist. He had to
go up to the master and
ask for more
gruel.
The evening
came. The boys took their places and quickly ate
up their gruel. Then
they looked at
Oliver. He rose from his place, bowl and spoon in
hand, went up to the
master and said,
but he turned pale.
Oliver repeated:
The master
struck Oliver on the head and pushed him out of
the room.
For a week Oliver remained a
prisoner in the cellar.
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) F 2) F 3) T
B.
1) d 2) b
【原文】
Mark Twain was a
famous American writer. There were many stories
about him. One
day Mark Twain was
fishing. A stranger came along.
allowed
here.
Mark Twain paused a minute.
Then he asked:
Task 3
【答案】
A.
Name: Lewis Carroll
Occupation: mathematics; Oxford
University
Literary works:
Alice
’
s Adventures in Wonderland
; 1865;
Through the
Looking-Glass
; 1871
B.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
These stories
are about a dream world in which Alice meets
strange creatures and has
interesting
adventures.
【原文】
Which would you rather be? A
mathematician or a writer? Perhaps you will
never be faced with this kind of
choice. Lewis Carroll was both a mathematician and
a
writer. He was a lecturer in
mathematics at Oxford University. But he is better
known
as the author of two of the most
famous children
’
s books that have ever been written:
Alice
’
s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass
. The author
’
s real
name
was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, but he preferred to
use the pen-name
“
Lewis
Carroll
”
when he wrote
Alice
’
s Adventures in Wonderland
and this is the name we
remember him by.
Alice
’
s Adventures in Wonderland
was published in 1865, when its author was
33 years old; it was
followed by
Through the Looking-Glass
in 1871. Both books
were written
for a real girl called Alice, but they have been
read by millions of
children since they
were first published. These stories are about a
dream world in
which Alice meets
strange creatures and has interesting adventures .
I
’
m sure you
know this
already, but if you don
’
t, you had better read the stories yourselves.
Task 4
【答案】
the Greeks, closed the gates of the
city and stayed behind the walls, the Greeks, a
huge wooden horse, hide inside it, the
horse, they stopped, hid their ships, Greek
prisoner, the horse, The Greek
soldiers, the wooden horse
【原文】
Many, many years
ago there was a war between the Greeks and the
Trojans. The
Greek ships sailed up to
the city of Troy. When the Trojans saw the Greek
ships, they
closed the gates of their
city and stayed behind the walls. The Greeks
attacked the city
many times, but could
not take it. Then one of the Greeks thought of a
plan. The
Greeks made a big wooden
horse and had some soldiers hide inside the horse.
In the
morning the Greeks burned their
camps and sailed away. Only the big wooden horse
remained in front of the city gate.
But the Greek ships did not sail
far. The Greeks stopped at a place near Troy,
where
the Trojans could not see them,
and hid their ships. At first the Trojans wanted
to burn
the wooden horse, but a Greek
prisoner said,
It will help
you.
The horse was very big, and the
Trojans could not bring it in through the gate.
They
had to make a hole in the wall.
Then they brought the wooden horse into the city.
The
next day was a holiday in Troy. At
night all the Trojan soldiers fell asleep after a
heavy festive drinking.
The Greek ships came back to Troy in the night.
When everything was quiet, the
Greek
soldiers came out of the wooden horse and opened
the gates of the city. The
Greek army
came into the city, killed many Trojans and took
the city.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Task 5
【答案】
A.
1)
c 2) a
B.
1) All the
animals thought that he was the king of beasts.
Actually he was a coward.
He was afraid
of human beings and other big animals. He roared
only to scare them
away and never
really hurt them.
2) Dorothy and her
dog wanted to get back to Kansas. The Scarecrow
wanted some
brains and the Tinman
wanted a heart. The Lion wanted to have courage.
【原文】
The following
story has been taken from The Wonderful Wizard of
Oz written by
L. Frank Baum in 1900.
The book is a modern fairy tale and is one of the
great
favorites of American children.
One day a tornado
carried away Dorothy and her dog Toto from their
home in
Kansa sand landed them in the
wonderful land of Oz. Here they made friends with
two strange fellows, a scarecrow and a
tin man. The four were now on their way to
the Emerald City where the Great Oz
lived.
Just as the Tinman spoke
there came from the forest a terrible roar, and
the next
moment a great Lion rushed
into the road. With one blow of his paw he knocked
the
Scarecrow to the edge of the road,
and then he hit the Tinman with his sharp claws.
But, to the Lion's surprise, he could
make no mark on the tin, though the Tinman fell
over in the road and lay still.
Little Toto, now that he had an
enemy to face, ran barking towards the Lion. The
great beast had opened his mouth to
bite the dog. Dorothy feared that Toto would be
killed. She forgot all danger and
rushed forward. She slapped the Lion upon his nose
as hard as she could, and cried out:
poor little
dog!
had hit it.
how can I
help it?
Scarecrow?
Scarecrow and set him upon his feet,
while she patted him into shape again.
him turn around so. Is
the other one stuffed
also?
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
made a cold shiver min down my back.
What is that little animal you are so kind
to?
girl.
thinks of biting such a
small, little thing except a coward like
me,
sadly.
wonder, for he was as big as a small
horse.
animals in the forest
expect me to be brave, for the Lion is everywhere
thought to be
the King of Beasts. I
learned that if I roared very loudly every living
thing was afraid
and got out of my way.
Whenever I've met a man I've been very much
frightened; but
I just roared at him,
and he has always min away as fast as he could go.
If the
elephants, tigers and bears ever
tried to fight me, I would run away
—
I'm such a
coward; but
just as soon as they hear me roar, they all try to
get away from me, and of
course I let
them go.
my heart begins to
beat fast.
heart. For my part, I
have no heart; so I can't have heart
disease.
courage.
the
other wild beasts. I think they must be more
cowardly than you if they allow you
to
scare them so
easily.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
as I know myself to be a coward I shall
be unhappy.
So once more the little
company set off upon the journey. The Lion walked
at
Dorothy's side. Toto did not like
the Lion at first, because he could not forget how
nearly he had been crushed between the
Lion's great jaws; but after a time he became
more at ease, and before long Toro and
the Cowardly Lion became good friends.
Task 6
【答案】
A.
1) Civil War
2) first, equality
3)
battlefields, bloodiest
4) ordinary
B.
1) d 2) c
【原文】
Walt Whitman is
often called the poet of American democracy. He
lived during
the American Civil War,
and he admired President Abraham Lincoln very
much.
Whitman was the first
American poet who wrote about tree equality among
all
people. In a poem called
and he found no difference. He wrote:
In the same poem
Whitman spoke up for women. He wrote:
He also wrote:
greatest men and women.
Whitman understood war and the results of war. He
worked in a hospital, taking
care of
wounded men. In a description of northern soldiers
who had returned from
prisons in the
south he wrote:
collection of wounded,
even the bloodiest.
never get in the
books.
Whitman was the first
important American poet to write about ordinary
people,
using ordinary language.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
1) A red, red
rose
that’
s newly spring in June and the melody that
’
s sweetly played in
tune.
2) He will love her
till all the seas are dried and the rocks melt in
the sun. his love will
last as long as
the sands of life run(there is life on earth).
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
3) Yes, he is,
and he will come back no matter how far it is.
B.
June---tune I---dry
sun---run while ---mile
【原文】
O, my love is like a red, red rose,
That is newly sprung in June.
O, my love is like the melody,
That is sweetly played in tune.
As fair are you, my lovely
lass,
So deep in love am I,
And I will love you still, my Dear,
Till all the seas go dry.
Till all the seas go dry, my Dear,
And the rocks melt with the sun!
O I will love you still, my Dear,
While the sands of life shall run.
And fare you well, my only
Love,
And fare you well a while!
And I will come again, my Love,
Although it were ten thousand mile!
Task 8
【答案】
1) Tall stories, that is, unlikely
ones.
2) Because he wanted to be a
member of a certain club.
3) He went
there because he was told that a lion came there
each evening to drink
water.
4) Sixteen times.
5) He
killed sixteen lions.
【原文】
A famous French writer who wrote many
books about England and the English
people once wrote about the
Englishman's fondness for improbable or tall
stories. In
one of his books about the
First World War, an English priest tells the
following story:
He had wanted to
become a member of a certain club in Africa. In
order to
become a member, each person
had to shoot at least one lion. The priest had
never
shot an animal in his life. So,
armed with a rifle and accompanied by a young
African
boy, the priest set out one
evening for a pool in the jungle where he was told
a lion
came each evening to drink. He
waited patiently for a few hours until shortly
before
midnight when he heard a
rustling noise. Sure enough a few yards away the
head of a
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
lion appeared
above a bush that separated the priest and the
pool. He aimed and fired.
The head of
the lion immediately fell behind the bush but a
moment later reappeared.
So the priest
aimed and fired again. The head of the lion
immediately fell behind the
bush but a
moment later reappeared. The priest fired again:
the same result. He
remained calm
because he knew he had brought sixteen bullets
with him. After his
fourth attempt his
aim seemed to become more and more inaccurate. In
fact, after his
fifteenth attempt the
African boy had to warn him,
miss this
time, we are in trouble.
The
priest then realized how serious the situation
was, so he took a deep breath,
aimed
very carefully and fired. They waited a moment,
then slowly counted up to
twenty: the
head of the lion did not reappear. The priest was
certain that at last he had
shot his
lion. They rushed forward together to the spot
behind the bush. And what do
you think
they found? Sixteen lions.
Task
9
【答案】
I.
a young prince who lived on land
A. rose to the surface of the sea and
waited for the prince to come to her
B.
never came
II.
a witch
A. changed her fish
’
s tail into a pair of human legs
B. she
gave the witch her tongue
III.
the prince
’
s palace
A. her feet hurt terribly
B.
didn
’
t love her
Ⅳ
.
a young princess
A. drive back into the
sea
B. a spirit of the air and lived
forever
【原文】
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark.
In Copenhagen harbor, you can see a
statue of the Little Mermaid. I wonder
if you know her story. It's a sad one.
That Little Mermaid fell in love with a young
prince who lived on the land. Every
night she used to rise up to the
surface of the sea and sit staring at his palace,
waiting
for him to come to her. But he
never came.
Finally she visited a
witch. The witch changed her fish's tail into a
pair of human
legs so that she could go
and live on land. But in return, the Little
Mermaid had to
give her tongue to the
witch, so that she could never sing or speak
again. She loved
the prince so much
that she gave it happily.
She went
and lived in the prince's palace, and every night,
she danced for him,
although her
strange new feet caused her terrible pain. But she
didn't mind the pain.
She waited and
waited for the prince to fall in love with her.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
But,
although the prince liked the Little Mermaid very
much, he didn't love her. He
fell in
love with a young princess and they got married.
On their wedding night, the
Little
Mermaid sadly dived back into the sea. She had no
tail now, only legs, and she
thought
that she would die. She didn't die, though.
Because of her kind heart, she
became a
spirit of the air and lived forever.
Task 10
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) c 3) b
4) a 5) a
B.
No. 1[e] No.
2 [b] No. 3 [a] No.4 [d] No.5 [c]
【原文】
1) A wolf
thought that by disguising himself as a sheep he
could get enough to eat. So
he put on a
sheepskin and joined the flock without being
discovered. At sunset the
shepherd shut
him with the sheep in the fold. Then he felt
hungry, so he picked up his
knife and
killed one of the sheep for his supper. But it was
the wolf that he killed.
2) A bird
in a cage at a window used to sing during the
night. A bat which heard
her came up
and asked why she never sang by day, but only by
night. She explained
that there was a
good reason: she was caught while she was singing
in the daytime,
and this had taught her
a lesson.
said the bat.
3) Monkeys are said to have a strange habit. When
twins are born to them, the
mother will
take care of only one of the twins. She will hold
it tightly to her breast
and neglect
the other. But the one taken care of will die
because it cannot breathe
freely, while
the neglected one will grow up strong and healthy.
4) A gnat alighted on a bull's
horn. After it had stayed there a long time and
felt
like moving on, it asked the bull
if he would like it to go now.
you
came,
5) A reed and an olive tree
were quarrelling one day. They wanted to see which
one was the stronger. Finally the olive
tree said to the reed,
easily bent by
the wind.
The reed was tossed about and
bent by the winds, but it was not hurt. The olive
tree
stood bravely against the storm
and was broken by its force.
Task 11
【答案】
I.
A. struck a rock and
began to break up.
B. sank too
C. had survived
II.
A. he was tied very firmly by a large
number of fine ropes.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除