大学生当兵吧-穆旦赞美
Unit 5
Education
Task 1
Two
people
are
interviewed
about
their
ideas
on
education.
One
is
an
ordinary
in
the
street
The man in the street:
When I was at school, I hated it. I
couldn't stand it. I wasn't happy until I got out.
I think this idea
of permanent
education is crazy. I know some people go back to
school when they're older, go to
language classes at the local
all their lives in school.
The educational
psychologist:
The idea of
permanent education is practical because we're
never really too old to go on learning.
Of course, there are certain limits,
but they aren't age limits. For example, let's say
a man past
sixty tries to learn how to
play football. It's foolish for him to do that,
but only because his body is
too old,
not his mind!
Key
A
1.
People’s ideas on permanent education.
2.
One is an ordinary “man in the street”. The other is an educational psychologist.
3.
The first person thinks this idea of permanent education is crazy. He can’t understand
people
who
want
to
spend
all
their
lives
in
school.
The
second
person
thinks
the
idea
of
permanent education is practical
because people are never really too old to go on
learning.
B
1.
was; hated; stand; got out
2. all their lives
3. certain limits; age limits
Task 2
John
is
talking
to
Martin
about
his
primary
schooling.
Martin:
Did
you
go
to
a
state
primary
school
John: Yes, I did. I
went to a nursery school first, at the age of
four, but this was purely voluntary.
There was a good kindergarten in our
neighbourhood so my parents decided to send me
there for
a year.
Martin: Can you still remember it
John: Yes, I have
faint, but very pleasant memories of it. It was a
delightful place, full of fun and
games.
As
in
most
nursery
schools,
work
—
if
you
can
call
it
that
—
consisted
of
storytelling,
drawing, singing
and dancing.
Martin:
You
probably
don't
remember
but
you
must
have
missed
it
when
you
left
you
know,
when you went to the Infants' School at
the age of five.
John:
I
suppose
I
must
have,
but
you
know,
right
up
to
the
age
of
seven,
school
life
was
very
pleasant. It was only later in the
Junior School that we began to have more formal
lessons and
even worry about exams.
Martin: Really Did you
have to do exams at that age
John: Yes, we used to then. We had to
take an exam at the age of eleven called the
to
see
what
kind
of
secondary
school
we
would
get
into.
But
this
exam
has
disappeared
nowadays.
Key
A
Age
Schooling
Four
Nursery School
Five
The Infants’ School
Seven
The Junior School
B
1.
He stayed there for a year.
2.
He has faint, but very pleasant memories of it. He had fun and played games--- including
story-telling, drawing,
singing and dancing.
3.
He began t have more formal lessons and even worry about exams.
4.
The
exam
was
called
the
“Eleven
Plus”.
Students
took
the
exam
to
see
what
kind
of
secondary school they would get into.
Task 3
Education in the United Kingdom is
compulsory for everyone between the ages of 5 and
16, and
is
provided
by
two
kinds
of
schools:
state-funded
schools
and
independent
(or
fee-charging)
schools.
Children education
Pre-school
or
pre- preparatory
education:
Pre-school
education
is
available
in
both
the
independent and the state systems. Many
children start their education at the age of 3 or
4 at a
nursery school or in the nursery
class at a primary school.
Preparatory
education:
In
the
independent
system,
preparatory
(or
primary)
education
is
available
for children aged 5 to 13.
Primary education: Most children in the
United Kingdom enter the state education system
when
they go to primary school at the
age of 5 and generally move to secondary school at
the age of
11.
Secondary education
Most pupils enter independent boarding
schools at the age of 7, 11, 13 or 16. To gain
admission
at 11 or 13, some pupils sit
an exam called the Common Entrance Examination. At
16, they enter
the school to study in
its sixth form (for A-levels and equivalent
qualifications).
All UK secondary schools, both state
and independent, teach pupils at least until the
age of 16
and
prepare
them
for
the
General
Certificate
of
Secondary
Education
(GCSE)
or
equivalent
qualifications.
GCSEs in vocational
subjects are normally taken at the age of 16.
Following these, students can
do
one
further
year
of
academic
study
before
taking
Advanced
Supplementary
Examinations
(ASlevels). After
another year of study, they can take Advanced
level examinations (A-levels).
Alternatively,
there
are
career-based
qualifications,
such
as
General
National
Vocational
Qualifications (GNVQs) or vocational
A-levels, which can be taken after one or two
years of study.
All these courses give
access to university or further study.
Students usually study from
8 to 12 GCSE subjects over two years. Most
students study a core of
statutory
subjects and choose additional subjects from a
list.
On
any
GCSE
course,
you
receive
formal
tuition
in
the
classroom
and
laboratory
but
are
also
encouraged
to
work
independently
and
undertake
research
for
projects,
often
outside
school
hours. Educational
visits, either on your own or as part of a small
group, are often part of the
timetable.
Some subjects take account of the work you do
throughout the year, while others are
assessed
entirely
by
examination.
Examinations
are
independently
marked
and
graded.
GCSE
grades range
from A (the highest) to G.
New
GCSEs
in
vocational
subjects
are
a
career-based
version
of
the
GCSE.
Eight
subjects
are
available.
One
vocational
GCSE
is
equivalent
to
two
conventional
GCSEs.
As
with
other
GCSEs,
grades range from A (the highest) to G.
Sixth-formers
usually finish their secondary education at the
age of 18 with A-levels or equivalent
qualifications.
Key
A
1.
compulsory; the ages of 5 and 16; state-funded; independent
2.
available; at a nursery school; in the nursery class at a primary school
3.
preparatory; primary; aged 5 to 13
4.
enter the state education system; at the age of 5; secondary school
5.
7, 11, 13 or 16; gain admission at 11 or 13; the Common Entrance Examination
6.
one further year; Advanced Supplementary Examinations; Advanced Level Examinations
7.
classroom; laboratory; work independently; undertake research for projects
8.
vocational; conventional
9.
secondary education; with A-levels; further; higher
B
1.
GCSE stand for the General Certificate of Secondary Education. It is normally take at the
age of sixteen.
2.
Students usually study form 8 to 12 subjects over two years.
3.
Some subjects take account of the work students do throughout the year, while others
are
assessed entirely by examination.
Task 4
Kate: Yes,
it's difficult to teach children these days, when
many of them know they won't get jobs.
it's hard to control the class if you
can't punish them. I often hit them with a ruler.
Of course, in
my part of Scotland we're
allowed to hit them, and I think it's
necessary
—
some children need
discipline.
Interviewer: What do you think, Rolf I
know you feel very strongly about corporal
punishment.
Rolf: I
don't agree with Kate. I know it's difficult to be
a teacher, but I think it always has been. But
you
don't
have
to
use violence.
it's
impossible
to
teach
students
about
nonv
iolenceand
being
good citizens when you are
violent yourself.
Interviewer: What do the Welsh think,
Jane Rolf thinks corporal punishment is wrong.
Jane: Yes, I think so
too.
Interviewer: And
Raoul
Raoul: Well, I
think it's sometimes necessary When one child
constantly disobeys, you have to
beat
him, or else send him away -maybe to a special
school. it's impossible to teach the rest of
the class if you have one student who
constantly misbehaves. it's bad for the others.
Interviewer: Did anyone
beat you when you were at school
Raoul: Well...
Key
A
Topic of This Discussion: Corporal
Punishment
Interviewees
Position on
This Topic
Arguments/Reasons
For/Against
Kate
For
It’s difficult to teach children these days, when many of them
know they won’t get jobs. It’s hard to
control the class if you can’t punish them. Some
children
need discipline.
Rolf
Against
It always has been difficult to be a teache
r. But you don’t have
to
use
violence.
It’s
impossible
to
teach
students
about
nonviolence
and
being
good
citizens
when you
are violent yourself.
Jane
Against