-
英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照
Part
one:
English
Literature
Chapter1
The
Renaissance
p
eriod
（
14
世纪至十七世纪中叶
）文艺复兴
1.
Humanism
is
the
essence
of
the
Renaissanc
e.
人文主义是文艺复兴的核
心。
2.
the
Greek
and
Roman
civilization
was
based
on
such
a
conception
th
at
man
is
the
measure
of
all
things.
人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古
希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”
为中心，人是万物之灵。
3.
Renaissance
humanists
found
in
then
classics
a
justification
to
exalt
h
uman
nature
and
came
to
see
that
human
beings
were
glorious
creature
s
capable
of
individual
development
in
the
direction
of
perfection,
and
th
at
the
world
they
inhabited
was
theirs
not
to
despise
but
to
question,
ex
plore,
and
enjoy.
人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，
来赞美人
性，
并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命
，
人可以不断发展完善自己，
而且世界是属
于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4.
Thomas
More,
Christopher
Marlowe
and
William
Shakespeare
are
the
best
representatives
of
the
English
human
ists.
托马斯
.
摩尔，克利斯朵夫
.
马
洛和威廉
.
莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5.
Wyatt
introduced
the
Petrarchan
sonnet
into
England.
怀亚特将
彼特拉克
的十四行诗引进英国。
6.
The
first
period
of
the
English
Renaissance
was
one
of
imitation
and
assimilation.
英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。
7.
The
goals
of
humanistic
poetry
are:
skillful
handling
of
conventions,
fo
rce
of
language,
and,
above
all,
the
development
of
a
rhetorical
plan
in
which
meter,
rhyme,
scheme,
imagery
and
argument
should
all
be
combi
ned
to
frame
the
emotional
theme
and
throw
it
into
high
relief.
人文主义
诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，
语言的力度与气概，
而最重要的是发
展了修辞模式
，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论
都结合起来勾画出情感
主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。
8.
The
most
famous
dramatists
in
the
Renaissance
England
are
Christop
her
Marlowe,
William
Shakespeare,
and
Ben
Jonson.
文艺复兴时期
英国最
著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫
.
马
洛，威廉
.
莎士比亚与本
.
约翰逊。
9.
Francis
Bacon
(1561-1626),
the
first
important
English
essayist.
费兰西
斯
.
培根是英国历史上最重要的
散文家。
(I)Edmund
Sp
enser
埃德蒙
.
斯宾塞
10.
the
theme
of
Redcrosse
is
not
“Arms
and
the
man,”
but
something
more
romantic-
“Fierce
wars
and
faithful
loves.
”《仙后》的主题并非“男人
与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。
11.
It
is
Spenser?s
idealism,
his
love
of
beauty,
and
his
exquisite
melody
that
make
him
known
as
“the
poets?
poet.
”正是斯宾
塞的理想主义，对美
的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人”。
(II)Christopher
Marlowe
克利斯朵夫
.
马洛
12.
As
the
most
gifted
of
the
“University
Wits,”
Marlowe
composed
six
pl
ays
within
his
short
lifetime.
Among
them
the
most
important
are:
Tambu
rlaine,
Parts
I
&
II,
s,
The
Jew
of
Malta
and
Edward
II.
马洛是
当时“大学才子”中最富才华的人，在他短暂的一生中，他完成
了六部剧本的创
作。其中最负盛名的是：《帖木尔》，《浮士德博士的悲剧》，《马耳他
岛的犹
太人》以及《爱德华二世》。
13.
Marlowe?s
greatest
achievement
lies
in
that
he
perfected
the
blank
v
erse
and
made
it
the
principal
medium
of
English
drama.
马洛的艺术成就
在于他完
善了无韵体诗，并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体形式。
14.
Marlowe?s
second
achievement
is
his
creation
of
the
Renaissance
he
ro
for
English
drama
.
马洛的第二项贡献是他创造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象。
15
.
His
brilliant
achievement
as
a
whole
raised
him
to
an
eminence
as
t
he
pioneer
of
English
drama.
他对戏
剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，它被
后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱。
16.
The
passionate
shepherd
to
his
love
激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘
This
short
poem
is
considered
to
be
one
of
the
most
beautiful
lyrics
in
English
litera
ture.
这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。
(III)William
Shakespeare
威廉
.
莎士比亚
17.
The
first
period
of
his
dramatic
career,
he
wrote
five
history
plays:
H
enry
VI,
Parts
I,
II,
and
III,
Richard
III,
and
Titus
Andronicus;
and
four
c
omedies:
The
Comedy
of
Errors,
The
Two
Gentlemen
of
Verona,
The
Ta
ming
of
the
Shrew,
and
Love?s
Labour?s
L
ost.
在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶
段，他创作了五部历史剧
：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯
.
安东尼》
以及四部喜剧：
《错误的戏剧》
，
《维洛那二绅士》
，
《驯悍记》
和
《爱的徒劳》
。
18.
In
the
second
period,
he
wrote
five
histories:
Richard
II,
King
John,
Henry
IV,
Parts
I
and
II,
and
Henry
V;
six
comedies:
A
Midsummer
Nigh
t?s
Dream,
The
Merchant
of
Venice,
Much
Ado
About
Nothing,
As
You
L
ike
It,
Twelfth
Night,
and
The
Merry
Wives
of
Windsor;
and
two
tragedie
s:
Romeo
and
Juliet
and
Julius
Caesar.
在第二
阶段，
他写了五部历史剧：
《理
查三世
》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之
梦》，《威尼斯
商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎
的风流娘儿们》，还有两
部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯
.
凯撒》。
19.
Shakespeare?s
third
period
includes
his
greatest
tragedies
and
his
so
-called
dark
comedies.
The
tragedies
of
this
period
are
Hamlet,
Othello,
King
Lear,
Macbeth,
Antony
and
Cleopatra,
Troilus
and
Cressida,
and
C
oriolanus.
The
two
comedies
are
All?s
Well
That
Ends
and
Measure
for
Measure.
第三阶段诞
生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），
悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥
赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥
佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及
《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷
属》和《一报还一报》。
20.
The
last
period
of
Shakespeare?s
work
includes
his
principle
romantic
tragicomedies:
Pericles,
Cymbeline,
The
Winter?s
Tale
and
The
Tempes
t;
and
his
two
plays:
Henry
VIII
and
The
Two
Noble
Kinsmen.
最后一
个时
期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风
雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。
21.
Shakespeare?s
sonnets
are
the
only
direct
expression
of
the
poet?s
o
wn
feelings.
这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。
22.
Shakespeare?s
history
plays
are
mainly
written
under
the
principle
th
at
national
unity
under
a
mighty
and
just
sovereign
is
a
necessity.
莎翁的
历史剧都有这
样一个主题：
在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，
统一是非常
必
要的。
23.
In
his
romantic
comedies,
Shakespeare
takes
an
optimistic
attitude
to
ward
love
and
youth,
and
the
romantic
elements
are
brought
into
full
pla
y.
在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比
亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春，并将浪漫色彩渲
染到极致。
24.
The
successful
romantic
tragedy
is
Romeo
and
Juliet,
which
eulogize
s
the
faithfulness
of
love
and
the
spirit
of
pursuing
happiness.
莎翁在其成
功的浪漫主义悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福的追
求。
25.
Shakespeare?s
greatest
tragedies
are:
Hamlet,
Othello,
King
Lear,
an
d
Macbeth.
They
have
some
characteristics
in
common.
Each
portrays
s
ome
noble
hero.
莎士比亚的四
大悲剧是：《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》
《麦克白》
26.
“The
King?s
government
must
be
carried
on”—
but
carried
on
for
the
good
of
the
nation,
not
for
the
pleasure
of
the
king.
“国王的统治一定
要万
古不变”
----
但是这种流传百
世万古不变的统治是有利于国家利益的，而不是只
为国王自己服务。
27.
Thus,
he
finds
no
way
to
solve
the
social
problems.
In
the
end,
the
only
thing
he
can
do
as
a
humanist
is
to
escape
from
the
reality
to
see
k
comfort
in
his
dream.
正因如此，
他才无力寻求到医
治各种社会痼疾的灵丹妙
药，最后，他作为人文主义所能做的唯一事情便是逃避现实，从
梦幻中找安慰。
28.
He
holds
that
literature
should
be
a
combination
of
beauty,
kindness
and
truth,
and
should
reflect
nature
and
reality.
他认为文学
应该是真善美
的结合，应该反映天性与现实。
29.
Shakespeare
is
above
all
writers
in
the
past
and
in
the
present
time.
古往今来，
没有一个作家能与莎士比亚媲美，
< br>他对后世文学家的潜移默化也是无
可估量的。
30.
Almost
all
English
writers
after
him
have
been
influenced
by
him
eith
er
in
artistic
point
of
view,
in
literary
form
or
in
language.
在他之后几乎所
有的英国文学家
都在艺术观点，文学形式及语言技巧方面受到他的影响。
31.
Sonnet
18
is
one
of
the
most
beautiful
sonnets
written
by
Shakespe
are.
十四行诗第十八首诗莎翁最
出色的十四行诗。
(IV)Francis
Bacon
弗兰西斯
.
培根<
/p>
32.
The
most
import
works
of
his
first
group
include
The
Advancement
o
f
Learning,
Written
in
English;
Novum
Organum
,
an
enlarged
Latin
versi
on
of
The
Advancement
of
Learning.
培根的作品
可分为三类：第一类中最重
要的作品有《学术的进展》（用英文著述）《新工具》（是《
学术的进展》的拉
丁文增补版）
33.
One
is
the
knowledge
obtained
from
the
Divine
Revelation,
the
other
is
the
knowledge
from
the
workings
of
human
mind.
他将知识分为两种：
一
种是通过神的启示获得
的知识，另一种是通过人类用脑思考而获得的知识。
34.
According
to
Bacon,
man?s
understanding
consists
of
three
parts:
hist
ory
to
man?s
memory,
poetry
to
man?s
imagination
and
creation,
and
phil
osophy
to
man?s
reason.
培根认为
，人类的认识与学问分为三部分：基于人类
回忆的历史学，基于人类想象力创造力的诗歌
与基于人类理性的哲学。
35.
Bacon,
as
a
humanist
intellect,
shows
the
new
empirical
attitudes
to
ward
truth
about
nature
and
bravely
challenges
the
medieval
scho
lasticis
t.
作为人文主义者的培根展示了自己对于自
然界真理的实验主义态度，并向中世
纪的经院哲学家们提出挑战。
36.
Bacon?s
essays
are
famous
for
their
brevity,
compactness
and
power
fulness.
培根的散文以简洁，紧凑，有力度而著名。
37.
The
essays
are
well-arranged
and
enriched
by
biblical
allusions,
met
aphors
and
cadence.
这些散文不仅结构巧妙还大量使用了《圣经》的典故
，隐
喻和基调。
38.
Of
Studies
论学习
Reading
maketh
a
full
man,
conference
a
ready
man,
and
writing
an
exa
ct
man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智。
(V)John <
/p>
Donne
约翰
.
邓恩
39.
The
imagery
is
drawn
from
the
actual <
/p>
life.
诗中的意象都是从现实生活
中
提取的。
40.
His
poems
give
a
more
inherently
theatrical
impression
by
exhibiting
a
seemingly
unfocused
diversity
of
experiences
and
attitudes,
and
a
free
range
of
feelings
and <
/p>
moods.
他的诗歌给人一种固有的戏剧性，展示了看上
去零散多样的经历与观念，以及漫无边际的情感与心境。
41.
The
Sons
and
Sonnets,
by
which
Donne
is
probably
best
known,
co
ntains
most
of
his
early
lyrics.
《歌与短
歌》是邓恩最有名的诗集，囊括了他
早期大多数爱情诗作。
42.
In
his
gloomy
poem
“Farewell
to
love,
”
we
can
see
his
disillusionme
nt.
在忧伤的诗作《告别爱情》中，我们就可以感受到他对爱情幻想的破灭。
43.
With
the
brief,
simple
language,
the
argument
is
continuous
througho
ut
the
poem.
议论依附于一种简洁平白的语言，并贯穿于整首诗作。<
/p>
(VI)John
Milton
约翰
.
弥尔顿
44.
he
was
entirely
occupied
with
the
thoughts
of
fighting
for
human
free
dom.
他头脑中充满了为人类自由而战的思想。
45.
Milton?s
literary
achievements
can
be
divided
into
three
groups:
the
e
arly
poetic
works,
the
middle
prose
pamphlets
and
the
great
poem.
弥尔
顿的文学作品可分为三类：早
期诗作，中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大诗作。
46.
Milton
wrote
his
three
major
poetical
works:
Paradise
Lost,
Paradise
Regained,
and
Samson
Agonis
tes.
他的三部伟大诗作：《失乐园》《复乐园》
和《力士参
孙》。
47.
The
theme
of
Paradise
Lost
is
the
“Fall
of
Man”.
In
the
fall
of
man
Adam
discovered
his
full
humanity.
失乐园
的主题是人类的沉沦。
在沉沦之中，
亚当发现了自己身上的人性
。
48.
Milton
held
that
God
created
all
things
out
of
Himself,
including
evil.
他认为上帝是按照他自己的样子造出的世界，其中也包括罪恶。
49.
It
opens
the
way
for
the
voluntary
sacrifice
of
Christ
which
showed
t
he
mercy
of
God
in
bringing
good
out
of
evil.
为基督自愿献身开辟了道路，
这也显示出上帝欲将人类从罪恶与苦难中拯救
出来的同情心。
50.
In
Samson
Agonistes,
the
whole
poem
strongly
suggests
Milton?s
pas
sionate
longing
that
he
too
could
bring
destruction
down
upon
the
enem
y
at
the
cost
of
his
own
life.
在力士参孙中，整首诗都强烈暗示着弥尔顿渴望
他自己也能像参孙一样，
以生命为代价，与敌人同归于尽。
51.
In
his
life,
Milton
shows
himself
a
real
revolutionary,
a
master
poet
a
nd
a
great
prose
write
r.
弥尔顿毕生都展现了真正的革命精神和非凡的诗歌才
华。<
/p>
52.
Paradise
Lost:
人类由于理性不强，意志薄弱，经不起考验，暗示英国自产<
/p>
主义革命失败的原因。
Chapter2
The
Neoclassical
Period(1660-179
8)
新古典主义
1.
In
short,
it
was
an
age
full
of
conflicts
and
divergence
of
values.
总之，
这一时期是矛盾
与价值观分歧的时期。
2.
The
eighteenth-century
England
is
also
known
as
the
Age
of
Enlighte
nment
or
the
Age
of
Reason.
英国的十八世纪
也同时是启蒙主义时代，
或曰理
性时代。
3.
Its
purpose
was
to
enlighten
the
whole
world
with
the
light
of
modern
philosophical
and
artistic
ideas.
运动
的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨
光启迪整个世界。
4.
Enlighteners
held
that
rationality
or
reason
should
be
the
only,
the
fin
al
cause
of
any
human
thought
and
activities.
They
called
for
a
referenc
e
to
order,
reason
and
rules.
启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘
由。他们大力提倡
秩序，理性及法律。
5.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
literature
at
the
time,
heavily
didactic
and
moralizi
ng,
became
a
very
popular
means
of
public
education.
其实，
当时的文学作
品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大
众教育的良好工具。
6.
Famous
among
the
great
enlighteners
in
England
were
those
great
wr
iters
like
John
Dryden,
Alexander
Pope,
Joseph
Addison
and
Sir
Richard
Steele,
the
two
pioneers
of
familiar
essays,
Jonathan
Swift,
Daniel
Defo
e,
Richard
Brinsley
Sheridan,
Henry
Fielding
and
Samuel
Johnso
n.
英国著
名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰
.
德莱顿，亚历山大
.
蒲柏，约瑟夫<
/p>
.
艾迪森与理查
.
斯
蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森
.
斯威夫特，丹尼尔
.
迪福，理查
.B.
谢立丹，亨利
.
费尔丁和塞
缪尔
.
约翰逊。
7.
In
the
field
of
literature,
the
Enlightenment
Movement
brought
about
a
revival
of
interest
in
the
old
classical
works.
在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还
使人们重新对古典时代的著作产生兴趣。
8.
They
believed
that
the
artistic
ideals
should
be
order,
logic,
restrained
emotion
and
accuracy,
and
that
literature
should
be
judged
in
terms
of
its
service
to
humanity.
他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及
情感控
制的基础上，而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。
9.
Thus
a
polite,
urbane,
witty,
and
intellectual
art
developed.
由此一种温
文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子
文学艺术发展起来。
10.
Neoclassicists
had
some
fixed
laws
and
rules
for
almost
every
genre
of
< br>literature.
在几乎所有的文学形式中，
新古
典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与
条框。
11.
Drama
should
be
written
in
the
heroic
Couplets
(iambic
pentameter
r
hymed
in
two
lines);
the
three
unities
of
time,
space
and
action
should
b
e
strictly
observed;
regularity
in
construction
should
be
adhered
to,
and
t
ype
characters
rather
than
individuals
should
be
represented.
戏剧
必须用
英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要<
/p>
遵循；写作的规矩必须要遵守，而作
品中的人物要代表一类人，而不是个性化。
12.
But
it
had
a
lasting
wholesome
influence
upon
English
literature.
(
套
话
)
但新古典主义对英国文学史产生过持久的
全面的影响。
13.
The
poetic
techniques
and
certain
classical
graces
such
as
order,
go
od
form,
unified
structure,
clarity
and
conciseness
of
language
developed
in
this
period
have
become
a
permanent
heritage.
在这一时期出现的诗歌
技巧与古典气质，如秩序，优美的格式，统一的结构，简明的
语言都成为永恒的
文学传统。
14.
The
mid-century
was,
however,
predominated
by
a
newly
rising
litera
ry
form---
the
modern
English
novel,
which,
contrary
to
the
traditional
rom
ance
of
aristocrats,
gives
a
realistic
presentation
of
life
of
the
common
E
nglish
people.
十八世纪中叶，还兴起一种崭新的文学形式
----
英国现代小说，这
种文学与传统贵族的
骑士文学相反，着重描写英国普通百姓的生活。
15.
Among
the
pioneers
were
Daniel
Defoe,
Samuel
Richardson,
Henry
Fielding,
Laurence
Sterne,
Tobias
George
Smollett,
and
Oliver
Goldsmith.
英国现代小说的先驱有丹尼尔
.
迪福，塞缪尔
< br>.
理查德，亨利
.
费尔丁，劳伦
斯
.
斯
泰思，托比亚斯
.
斯摩莱特以及奥立弗
.
哥尔
斯密。
16.
From
the
middle
part
to
the
end
of
the
century
there
was
also
an
a
pparent
shift
of
interest
from
the
classic
literary
tradition
to
originality
and
imagination,
from
society
to
individual,
and
from
the
didactic
to
the
conf
essional,
inspirational
and
prophetic.
从十八世纪中叶至十八世纪末，还出现
了古典文学传统向独创性与丰富联想性的转移，
社会描写向个性
描写的转移，
说
教向忏悔，鼓励及预示的转移。
17.
Gothic
novels---mostly
stories
of
mystery
and
horror.
哥特式小说
----
主
要讲述恐怖神秘的故事。
18.
Jonathan
Swift?s
A
Modest
Proposal
being
generally
regarded
as
the
best
model
of
satire,
not
only
of
the
period
but
also
in
the
whole
Engli
sh
literary
history.
乔纳森
.
斯威夫特的《一个小小的建议》被公认为英国文学史
上讽刺作品的经典。<
/p>
(I)John
Bunyan
约翰<
/p>
.
班扬
19.
As
a
stout
Puritan,
he
had
made
a
conscientious
study
of
the
Bible
and
firmly
believed
in
salvation
through
spiritual
struggle.
作为一个坚定的
清教徒，他认真学习《圣经》，并深信人一定能通过精神上的奋斗得
到拯救。
20.
he
made
it
possible
for
the
reader
of
the
least
education
to
share
th
e
pleasure
of
reading
his
novel
and
to
relive
the
experience
of
his
chara
cters.
他的语言具体生动，情节鲜明真实，连没受过教育的人也能享受到阅读他
的作品的乐趣。
21.
Bunyan?s
other
works
include
Grace
Abounding
to
the
Chief
of
Sinne
rs,
The
Life
and
Death
of
,
The
Holy
War
and
The
Pilgrim?s
Progress,
Part
II
.
班扬其他的作品还有《罪人头目的赦免》，
《拜得门先生生死
录》，《圣战》以及《天路历程》第二部
22.
The
Vanity
Fair.
名利场（节选《天路历程》第一部）
The
Pilgrim?s
Progress
is
the
most
successful
religious
allegory
in
the
En
glish
language.
Its
purpose
is
to
urge
people
to
abide
by
Christian
doctri
nes
and
seek
salvation
through
constant
struggles
with
their
own
weakne
sses
and
all
kinds
of
social
evils.
《天路历
程》是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓
言。
它的主旨是让人们遵循基
督教教义，
并通过不断战胜自身弱点与身外的邪恶
来获得拯救。
(II)Alexander
Pope
亚历山大
.
蒲伯
23.
Pope,
a
very
sensitive
man,
would
strike
back
hard,
and
in
the
cons
tant
verbal
battles
he
developed
a
style
of
biting
satire.
蒲伯本身是个很
敏感的人，自然要用笔墨来反击，在此期间，他
发展了犀利的讽刺文体。
24.
For
him
the
supreme
value
was
order---cosmic
order,
political
order,
social
order,
aesthetic
order,
and
this
emphasis
on
order
found
expressio
n
in
all
of
his
works.
对他来说秩序有着至高无上的价值
--
---
宇宙秩序，政治秩
序，社会秩序，美学秩序。这种对秩序
与理性的强调深入到了他各部作品中。
25.
Pope
made
his
name
as
a
great
poet
with
the
publication
of
An
Ess
ay
on
Criticism
in
1711.
The
next
year,
he
published
The
Rape
of
the
L
ock,
a
finest
mock
epic.1711
年，他
出版了散文《论批评》，从此奠定了他在
诗坛的地位。次年，他又出版了《夺发记》，一
部极妙的讽刺史诗。
26.
Pope
was
the
greatest
poet
of
his
time.
He
strongly
advocated
neocl
assicism,
emphasizing
that
literary
works
should
be
judged
by
classical
r
ules
of
order,
reason,
logic,
restrained
emotion,
good
taste
and
decorum.
蒲伯是当时最伟大
的诗人，他大力提倡新古典主义，强调文学作品的优劣应由
古典的秩序尺度，理性，逻辑
，情感的克制，高雅的品位以及是否体面，正派来
衡量。
27.
He
worked
painstakingly
on
his
poems,
developed
a
satiric,
concise,
smooth,
graceful
and
well-balanced
style.
他致力于诗歌创作，发展了讽刺，
简练，通顺，
优雅，平衡的风格。
(III)Daniel
Defoe
丹尼尔
.
笛福<
/p>
28.
His
quick
mind,
abundant
energy
and
never-failing
enthusiasm
alway
s
brought
him
back
on
his
feet
after
a
fall.
他过人的才智，充沛的精力，旺
盛而持久的热情总是使他在失败后能重新
站起。
29.
Robinson
Crusoe,
an
adventure
story
very
much
in
the
spirit
of
the
t
ime,
is
universally
considered
his
ma
sterpiece.
《鲁宾逊漂流记》是一部体现
时代精神的
游记历险小说，是笛福的代表作。
30.
In
most
of
his
works,
he
gave
his
praise
to
the
hard-
working,
study
middle
class
and
showed
his
sympathy
for
the
downtrodden,
unfortunate
poor.
在他大部分作品中，他都表达了对勤劳，坚强的中产阶级的赞誉，以及对
破落不幸的穷苦
人的同情。
31.
Defoe
was
a
very
good
story-
teller.
笛福很会讲故事。
32.
His
sentences
are
sometimes
short,
crisp
and
plain,
and
sometimes
l
ong
and
rambling,
which
leave
on
the
reader
an
impression
of
casual
na
rration.
他的语句时而短小干脆，朴素直白，时而又气势磅礴，泼墨如水，为读
< br>者留下了叙述自由悠闲的印象。
33.
His
language
is
smooth,
easy,
colloquial
and
mostly
vernacular.
他的
措辞简朴易懂又口语化，有时甚至是俗语方言。
34.
There
is
nothing
artificial
in
his
language:
it
is
common
English
at
its
beat.
< br>他的语言毫无造作，完全是大众英语。
35.
Robinson
Crusoe:
The
novel
consists
actually
of
three
parts. <
/p>
《鲁宾逊
漂流记》：整部小说分为三个部分
The
realistic
account
of
the
successful
struggle
of
Robinson
single-hande
dly
against
the
hostile
nature
forms
the
best
part
of
the
novel.
Robinson
is
here
a
real
hero:
a
typical
eighteenth-century
English
middle-class
m
an.,
the
pioneer
colonist.
其中对鲁宾逊徒手与恶劣的大自然作斗争的描述是小
说最精彩的部分。
< br>在此，
鲁宾逊是真正的英雄：
一个典型的英国十八世纪中
产阶
级人士。
(IV)Jonathan
Swift
乔纳森
.
斯威夫特
36.
In
1704
he
published
two
powerful
satires
on
corruption
in
religion
a
nd
learning,
A
Tale
of
a
Tub
and
The
Battle
of
the
Books,
which
establi
shed
his
name
as
a
satirist.1704
年，
他针对宗教和学术界的腐败出版了两篇
犀利的讽刺小品，一为《桶的故事》，一为《书籍
的战斗》。这两篇作品奠定了
他在讽刺作品中的地位。
37.
Even
today
Swift
is
still
respected
as
a
national
hero
in
Ireland.
直至
今日，斯威夫特
还被尊为爱尔兰的民族英雄。
38.
In
his
opinion,
human
nature
is
seriously
and
permanently
flawed.
To
better
human
life,
enlightenment
is
needed.
他认为人性永远有着严重的瑕
疵，为了使人的生
活更美好，人们需要启蒙。
39.
In
his
writings,
although
he
intends
not
to
condemn
but
to
reform
an
d
improve
human
nature
and
human
institutions.
在他的作品中，
< br>他提倡的不
是谴责，而是采取行为改良人性与人为的机构。
40.
His
“A
Modest
Proposal
”
is
generally
taken
as
a
perfect
model.
他的<
/p>
《一个温和的建议》被认为是一篇完善的典范。
41.
Swift
is
one
of
the
greatest
masters
of
English
prose.
斯威夫特是一名
优秀的散文作家。
42.
He
defined
a
good
style
as
“proper
words
in
proper
places.”
Clear,
s
imple,
concrete
diction,
uncomplicated
sentence
structure,
economy
and
c
onciseness
of
language
mark
all
his
writings---essays,
poems
and
novels.
他创立了一种良好的文风，
即
“在恰当
的地方用恰当的词”
。
无论是散文，
诗
歌，
还是小说，简洁，具体，精确，没有复杂的句式永远是他的写作风格。
43.
Swift?s
chief
works
are:
A
Tale
of
a
Tub
and
The
Battle
of
the
Book
s,
The
Drapier?s
Letters(note:Drapier=Swift,
alias),
Gulliver?s
Travels
and
A
Modest
Proposal.
斯
威夫特的作品主要有《桶的故事》，《书籍的战斗》，
《德拉皮尔的信》，《格列佛游记
》和《一个温和的建议》。
44.
Gulliver?s
Travels:
Jonathan?s
best
fictional
work,
the
book
contains
f
our
parts.
Its
social
significance
is
great
and
its
exploration
into
human
n
ature
profound.
《格列佛游记》：是斯威夫特最精彩的一
部小说，全书分为四
卷，它具有重大的社会意义，同时对人性的探索与揭示也是深刻的。
(V)Henry
Fieldin
g
亨利
.
费尔丁
45.
During
his
career
as
a
dramatist,
Fielding
had
attempted
a
considera
ble
number
of
forms
of
play.
在他戏剧创作生涯里
，费尔丁曾尝试过许多不同
的戏剧模式。
46.
Of
all
his
plays,
the
best
known
are
The
Coffee-House
Politician,
Th
e
Tragedy
of
Tragedies,
Pasquin,
and
The
Historical
Register
for
the
Ye
ar
1736.
他的作品中最有名的要数
《咖啡屋的政治家》
，
《悲剧中的悲剧》
，
《巴
斯昆》，《
1736
历史年鉴》。
47.
a
“comic
epic
in
prose,”
whose
subject
is
“the
true
ridiculous”
in
hu
man
nature.
“散文体喜剧史诗”，主题是人类本性中的荒唐，对人性进行了真
实的讽
刺。
48.
The
dominating
qualities
of
the
novel
are
its
excellent
character-portr
ayal,
timely
entrances
and
exits,
robustness
of
tone
and
hilarious,
hearty
humor.
小说的突出特点是出色的人物刻画，及时的出场退
场，笔调的遒劲及令
人会心的幽默。
49.
“The
Great
Man,
properly
considered,
is
no
better
than
a
great
gang
ster”
----The
History
of
Jonathan
Wild
the
Great
从某种意义上说，伟大的人
物无异于“伟大”的匪徒
-----
---
《伟大的乔纳森怀尔德》。
50.
The
History
of
Tom
Jones
is
a
masterpiece
on
the
subject
of
human
nature.
费尔丁的代表作《汤姆
.
琼斯：一个弃儿的故事》主题是对人性的讽刺。
51.
the
purpose
of
the
novel
was
not
just
to
amuse,
but
to
instruct,
the
obj
ect
of
novel
was
to
present
a
faithful
picture
of
life,
“the
just
copies
o
f
human
manners,”
with
sound
teaching
woven
into
their
texture,
so
as
t
o
teach
men
to
know
themselves,
their
proper-spheres
and
appropriate
manners.
< br>，小说不仅供娱乐，而且更有教育意义，他的小说的主旨是要真实地
展示生活，使
之成为“人类态度的完整拷贝”，并将说教巧妙的引入作品，教导
人们认识自己，寻求适
宜的人生态度。
52.
Fielding
has
been
regarded
by
some
as
“Father
of
the
English
nove
l,”
for
his
contribution
to
the
establishment
of
the
form
of
the
modern
no
vel.
费尔丁被一些人尊为“英国小说之父”，因为他为现代小说模式
的创立作出
很大贡献。
53.
he
was
the
first
to
set
out
,
both
in
theory
and
practice,
to
write
sp
ecifically
a
“comic
epic
in
prose,”
the
first
to
give
the
modern
novel
its
s
tructure
and
style.
他第一个在理论与实践上创造了“散文体喜剧史诗”，并
第
一个为现代小说确立了结构和风格。
54.
He
“thinks
the
thought”
of
all
his
characters,
so
he
is
able
to
presen
t
not
only
their
external
behaviors
but
also
the
internal
workings
of
their
minds.
作者以角色的口吻去“想”，因此不仅可以表述人物的外在行为，还可深
入刻画其内心的思想活动。
55.
Fielding
?s
language
is
easy,
unlaboured
and
familiar,
but
extremely
vivid
and
vigorous.
His
sentences
are
always
distinguished
by
logic
and
rhythm,
and
his
structure
carefully
planed
toward
an
inevitable
ending.
费
尔丁的创作语言自然流畅，
通俗易懂，
同时又栩栩如生并富有活力，
他的句子以
逻辑性和韵律性见
长，小说结尾总是水到渠成，顺理成章。
56.
Tom
Jones,
the
novel
consists
of
18
books.
Tom,
the
titular
hero
of
the
story,
he
became
a
national
hero,
he
---honest,
kind-hearted,
high-spir
ited,
loyal,
and
brave,
but
impulsive,
wanting
prudence
and
full
of
animal
spirits.
《汤姆
.
琼
斯》共
18
卷，汤姆曾一度成为全国人民心中的英雄，他
----
诚
实，善良，高尚，忠诚，勇敢，同
时也有着易冲动，鲁莽和野性难驯的缺点。
57.
Tom
Jones
brings
its
author
the
name
of
the
“Prose
Home.”
The
pa
noramic
view
it
provides
of
the
18th-
century
English
country.
《汤姆
.
琼斯》
为费尔
丁赢得了“散文荷马”的盛名，小说为读者提供了一幅英国
18
世纪乡村
与城市的宏伟的全景图。
(VI)Samuel
Johnson
塞缪尔
.
约翰逊
58.
The
years
between
1737
and
1755,
he
did
translations,
wrote
poems,
essays
and
so
on.1737
年至
1755
年这段时间对他来说充满了艰辛
:
他做过翻
译
,
写过诗
,
为书商编书
,
编辑杂志。
59.
In
his
famous
Literary
Club,
where
he
was
surrounded
with
respect
by
the
elite
of
the
literary
circles.
在他的文学社里，周围围满了敬仰他的文学
精英。
60.
Johnson
was
an
energetic
and
versatile
writer.
He
had
a
hand
in
all
the
different
branches
of
literary
activ
ities.
约翰逊精力充沛，
多才多艺，
他还
涉足各种各样的文学领域。
61.
His
chief
works
include
pomes:
“London”,
and
“The
Vanity
of
Human
Wishes”;
a
romance:
The
History
of
Rasselas,
Prince
of
Abyssinia;
a
tr
agedy:
Irene.
他的主要作品有诗歌：
《伦敦》
，
《人类欲望的虚幻》
骑士浪漫诗：
《拉塞拉斯的
历史》，《阿比西尼亚王子》；一部悲剧：《艾琳》。
62.
As
a
lexicographer,
Johnson
distinguished
himself
as
the
author
of
t
he
first
English
dictionary
by
an
Englishman----A
Dictionary
of
the
Englis
h
Language,
a
gigantic
task
which
Johnson
undertook
single-handedly
an
d
finished
in
over
seven
years.
作为词典编撰者，约翰逊是编撰英文词典的第
一个英国人，作品为《英文大词典》，这部巨著是塞缪尔
.
约翰逊花了七年时间
独自完成的。
63.
Johnson
was
the
last
great
neoclassicist
enlightener
in
the
later
eight
eenth
century.
He
was
very
much
concerned
with
the
theme
of
the
vanit
y
of
human
wishes.
约翰逊是
十八世纪下半叶最后一位新古典主义启蒙文学
家，他十分关心人类欲望的虚幻，几乎他所
有的作品都含有这样的主题。
64.
His
sentences
are
long
and
well
structured,
interwoven
with
parallel
words
and
phrases
.
他使用的句子一般较长，但结构工整，包含有许多排比，
对仗
。
65.
Reading
his
works
gives
the
reader
the
impression
that
he
is
talking
with
a
very
learned
man.
读他的小说会给人一种感觉，他在与一位非常博学
的人士对话。
(VII)Richard
Brinsley
Sheridan
理查
.
比
.
谢
立丹
66.
The
year
1777
saw
the
appearance
of
his
masterpiece
The
School
f
or
Scandal,
which
brought
him
quite
a
fortune.1
777
年，
谢立丹的代表作
《造
谣学校》出版，使他大发其财。
67.
His
plays,
especially
The
Rivals
and
The
School
for
Scandal,
are
ge
nerally
regarded
as
important
links
between
the
masterpiece
of
Shakespe
are
and
those
of
Bernard
Shaw,
and
as
true
classics
in
English
comedy.
他的
代表作
《情敌》
和
《造谣学校》
被认为是上承莎士比亚，
下接萧伯纳的纽带，
是真正的英国古典派喜剧。
68.
In
his
play,
morality
is
the
constant
theme.
他的
作品永恒的主题是道德。
69.
The
School
for
Scandal
is
mainly
a
story
about
two
brothers,
the
hy
pocritical
Joseph
Surface
and
the
good-
natured,
imprudent,
spendthrift
Ch
arles
Surface.
The
play
ends
with
great
disgrace
for
Joseph
and
double
bliss
for
Charles.
It
is
a
sharp
satire
on
the
moral
degeneracy
of
the
ari
stocratic-bourgeois
society
in
the
eighteenth-century
England.
No
wonder,
the
play
has
been
Regarded
as
the
best
comedy
since
Shakespeare.
《造谣学校》主要讲述了两个兄弟的故事，一个是伪君子约瑟夫
.
< br>萨尔菲斯，另
一个是放荡不羁但心地善良的查尔斯
.
萨尔菲斯。戏剧的结尾约瑟夫名声扫地，
而查尔斯既获得了美人的芳
心，
又获得了丰厚的遗产，
而梯泽尔夫人在丈夫的感
化下与其重归于好。《造谣学校》是对
18
世纪英
国贵族资产阶级的道德败坏，
对无聊的富人恶意的制造谣言，
对
上层社会骄奢淫逸的生活以及对在高贵生活方
式和高尚道德准则的掩饰下的道德沦丧与虚伪假善的辛辣讽刺。
毫无疑问，<
/p>
它被
认为是自莎士比亚以来最出色的喜剧。
(VII)Thomas
Gray
托马斯
.
格雷
70.
he
declined
the
Poet
laureateship
in
1
757.1757
年，他竟谢绝了授予他
的诗人桂冠奖。
71.
In
contrast
to
those
professional
writers,
Gray
’
s
literary
output
was
small.
与其余专职作家
不同，格雷作品极少。
72.
His
masterpiece,
“Elegy
Written
in
a
Country
Churchyard”
was
publis
hed
in
1751.
The
poem
once
and
for
all
established
his
fame
as
the
lea
der
of
the
sentimental
po
etry
of
the
day,
especially
“the
Graveyard
Scho
ol<
/p>
”
.1757
年，他的代表作《写在教堂
墓地的挽歌》出版这首诗奠定了他在当时
作为感伤主义诗歌创始人的地位，
尤其是从此他便成为
“墓地诗歌”
流派的代表。
73.
His
other
poems
include
“Ode
on
the
Spring”,
“Ode
on
the
Death
of
a
Favourite
cat
”
and
so
on.
(Ode:
?
.
赞，
颂
)
他的其他作品还有
《春之颂》
，
《伊顿公学展望》，《爱猫之死》等等。
74.
A
conscientious
artist
of
the
first
rate,
Gray
wrote
slowly
and
carefull
y,
painstakingly
seeking
perfection
of
form
and
phrase.<
/p>
格雷创作态度认真，
作品诞生速度慢，却精益求精。
75.
“Elegy
Written
in
a
Country
Churchyard”
is
regarded
as
Gray?s
best
and
most
representative
work.
In
this
poem,
Gray
reflects
on
death,
the
sorrows
of
life,
and
the
mysteries
of
human
life
with
a
touch
of
his
pers
onal
melancholy.
The
poem
abounds
in
images
and
arouses
sentiment
i
n
the
bosom
of
every
reader,
The
poem
has
been
ranked
among
the
be
st
of
the
eighteenth
century
English
p
oetry.
《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》是雷格
最优秀的代表作，
创作历时八年，诗中内容与格雷的知己理查
.
韦斯特的去世有<
/p>
关。其中，格雷揭示了生与死的愁苦与神秘，并略述了自己忧伤的心情。诗中富
于比喻，
并给读者带来深深的伤感。
这首诗被列为
英国十八世纪最优秀的诗歌之
一。
Chapter3
The
Romantic
Period
(1798-1832)
浪漫主义
1.
This
urgency
was
provoked
by
two
important
revolutions:
the
French
Revolution
of
1789-1794
and
the
English
Industrial
Revolution
which
hap
pened
more
slowly,
but
with
Astonishing
consequences.
英国面临着新的发
展动力：一是<
/p>
1789-1794
年的法国资产阶级大革命，一是同时期英国内
部的工
业革命。
2.
In
1832,
the
Reform
Bill
was
enacted,
which
brought
the
Industrial
ca
pitalists
into
power.1832
年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。
3.
The
Romantic
Movement,
whether
in
England,
Germany
or
France,
ex
pressed
a
more
or
less
negative
forward
the
existing
soci
al.
浪漫主义运
动，
无论是在英国，
德国还是法国，
都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济
制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。
4.
The
Romantics
demonstrated
a
strong
reaction
against
the
dominant
modes
of
thinking
of
the
18th-century
writers
and
philosophers.
Where
th
eir
predecessors
saw
man
as
a
social
animal,
the
Romantics
saw
him
e
ssentially
as
an
individual
in
the
solitary <
/p>
state.
文学家摒弃了
18
世纪盛行的
文学及哲学基调
---
理性，
新古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物，
而
浪漫主义
文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体。
5.
Thus,
we
can
say
that
Romanticism
actually
constitutes
a
change
of
direction
from
attention
to
the
outer
world
of
social
civilization
to
the
inne
r
world
of
the
human
spirit.
因此，
我们还可以说浪漫主义其
实是将人们的注意
力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界
--
-
人类自己的精神实质。
6.
The
Romantic
period
is
an
age
of
poetry.
浪漫主义时代也是诗歌的时代。
7.
They
believed
that
poetry
could
purify
both
individual
souls
and
the
s
< br>ociety.
他们（浪漫主义代表诗人布莱克，华兹华斯，科勒律治，拜伦，雪
莱及济
恩）认为诗歌是医治社会顽疾的良药，可以净化人的灵魂。
8.
Wordsworth
defines
the
poet
as
a
“man
speaking
to
men,”
and
poetry
as
“the
spontaneous
overflow
of
powerful
feelings,
which
originates
in
e
motion
recollected
in
tr
anquillity.
”华兹华斯认为诗人是对着广大人民讲话的
人，而诗歌是强烈情感的自发流露，发乎情，止乎静。
9.
Imagination,
defined
by
Coleridge,
is
the
vital
faculty
that
creates
new
wholes
out
of
disparate
elements.
想象是在全无联系的各种元素上创立新型<
/p>
整体的一种超凡的官能。
10.
The
Romantics
not
only
extol
the
faculty
of
imagination,
but
also
ele
vate
the
concepts
of
spontaneity
and
inspiration,
regarding
them
as
som
ething
crucial
for
true
poetry.<
/p>
浪漫主义者不仅推崇想象，还强调灵感与创作的
自发性，认为有这
两种才智才能创造出真正的诗歌。
11.
Romantics
also
tend
to
be
nationalistic.
浪漫主义者们还体现了强烈的民
族精神。
12.
To
the
Romantics,
poetry
should
be
free
from
all
rules.
They
would
t
urn
to
the
humble
people
and
the
common
everyday
life
for
subjects.
浪
漫主义诗人却打
破这些格律，他们会在穷苦百姓及日常生活中找寻素材。
13.
The
two
major
novelists
of
the
Romantic
period
are
Jane
Austen
an
d
Walter
Scott.
浪漫主义
时期的代表小说家有简
.
奥斯汀与沃尔特
.
司各特
.
14.
Jane
Austen?s
view
of
life
is
a
totally
realistic
one.
简
.
奥斯汀对生活抱
有完全的现实主义
.
15.
The
major
theme
of
Jane?s
novels
is
love
and
marriage
toward
whic
h
she
holds
on
a
practical
idealism---love
should
be
justified
by
reason
a
nd
disciplined
by
self-control.
She
chooses
to
stay
within
the
tiny
field
th
at
she
knows
best.,
she
has
become
a
popular
classic
and
has
been
ad
mired
for
her
wit,
her
common-sense,
her
insight
into
characters
and
soc
ial
relationships.
简
.
奥斯汀作品的主题为爱情与婚姻
,
对于
这个主题
,
奥斯汀抱
有一种较为实际的
理想主义
---
爱情必须有理智及道德准则的约束
,
她的作品的背
景都很小却都是她熟知的
,
她的智慧
,
常识及对人
物和人际关系深刻的洞察受到了
大批读者的喜爱
.
16.
Walter
Scott
showed
a
keen
sense
of
political
and
traditional
forces
and
of
their
influence
on
the
individual.
He
is
the
first
major
historical
no
veli
st.
司各特表现出对政治与传统的力量及它们对个人的影响深刻的洞察力。他
是英国文学史上第一位重要的历史小说家。
17.
Gothic
novel,
a
type
of
romantic
fiction
that
predominated
in
the
late
eighteenth
century,
its
principal
elements
are
violence,
horror,
and
the <
/p>
s
upernatural.
哥特式小说
也是浪漫主义运动的一部分，
它盛行于浪漫主义前期的
1
8
世纪末。这种小说的主要题材是暴力，恐怖及对超自然力（鬼神）的
描写。
(I)William
Bl
ake
威廉
.
布莱克
< br>
18.
He
was
often
misunderstood
by
other
people,
who
would
regard
him
as
gifted
but
mad.
He
was
recognized
only
posthumously.
他经常遭到旁
人误解，认为他是个天才，又是个疯子，他去世后才被人发掘出来并一举
成名。
19.
Childhood
is
central
to
Blake?s
concern
in
the
Songs
of
Innocence
a
nd
Songs
of
Experience,
and
this
concern
gives
the
two
books
a
strong
social
and
historical
re
ference.
他的两步诗集
《天真之歌》
< br>和
《经验之歌》
中，
童年是布莱
克主要描述的中心，
这个描述中心使作品富有社会与历史性的参考价
值。
20.
Blake?s
Marriage
of
Heaven
and
Hell
marks
his
entry
into
maturity.
It
plays
the
double
role
both
as
a
satire
and
a
revolutionary
prophecy.
布
莱克的
《天堂与地狱的结合》
< br>一诗标志着他创作上的成熟，
并担负了讽喻与革命
预言的
两重角色。
21.
The
“marriage,”
to
Black,
means
the
reconcilia
tion
of
then
contraries,
not
the
subordination
of
the
one
to
the
other.
婚姻对布莱克意
味着矛盾的
调和，而并非一方从属于另一方。
22.
Blake
felt
bound
to
declare
that
“I
know
that
This
World
is
World
of
Imagination
&
Vision”
and
that
“The
Nature
of
my
work
is
visionary
or
i
maginative.
”布莱克热切得宣布：“我认为人世凡尘是一
个充满想象与幻想的
世界，我的作品也如人世凡尘一样充满想象与幻觉。”
23.
Blake
writes
his
poems
in
plain
and
direct
language.
布
莱克的语言直
白朴素。
24.
Symbolism
in
wide
rang
is
also
a
distinctive
feature
of
his
poetry.
大
范围地使用象征手法也是
他作品的鲜明特征。
(II)William
Wordsworth
威廉
.
华兹华斯
25.
The
poet
Robert
Southey
as
well
as
Coleridge
lived
nearby,
and
the
three
men
became
known
as
the
“
Lake
Poets
”
.
诗人骚塞
,
科勒律治也居
住在同一地城
,
三人并称为”湖畔诗人”。
26.
In
1842
he
received
a
government
pension,
and
in
the
following
yea
r
he
succeeded
Southey
as
Poet <
/p>
Laureate.1842
年政府为他发了津贴，
次年
他压倒骚塞成为了“桂冠诗人”。
27.
According
to
the
subject,
Wordsworth?s
short
poems
can
be
classifie
d
into
two
group:
poems
about
nature
and
poems
about
human
life.
按照
主题，华的短诗可分为
两大类：关于自然的和关于人类生活的。
28.
Wordsworth
is
regarded
as
a
“
worshipper
of
nature.
”华被称为”大自
然的膜拜
者”。
29.
Wordsworth
thinks
that
common
life
is
the
only
subject
of
literary
int
erest.
The
joys
and
sorrows
of
the
common
people
are
his
themes.
华认
为普通人的普通生活应
是文学的主题，她的作品大多描述普通百姓的喜怒哀乐。
30.
His
works
contain
“The
Solitary
Reaper”,
“To
a
Highland
Girl”,
”The
Old
Cumber
land
Beggar
”
and
“The
Ruined
Cottage
”
.
他的作品包括《孤独
的收割者》，《致高
地姑娘》，《老坎伯兰的乞丐》和《被摧毁的茅屋》。
31.
In
its
daring
use
of
subject
mater
and
sense
of
then
authenticity
of
t
he
experience
of
the
poorest,
“Resolution
and
Independence”
is
the
trium
phant
conclusion
of
ideas
first
developed
in
the
Lyrical
Ballads.
通
过大胆
运用这样的主题，
同时对贫苦人民生活经历的描写拥有极
大的可信度，
“革命与
独立”则成为《抒情歌谣集》中成功的结
论，这在英国诗歌历史上也是第一次。
32.
Wordsworth
is
a
poet
in
memory
of
the
past
.
华兹华斯是一个怀旧的
诗人。
33.
Wordsworth?s
deliberate
simplicity
and
refusal
to
decorate
the
truth
of
experience
produced
a
kind
of
pure
and
profound
poetry
which
no
othe
r
poet
has
ever
equaled.
华兹华斯对简洁朴素的风格的追求，对粉饰真实的厌
恶使他的诗
歌具有别人无法企及的纯净与深远之美。
34.
he
maintained
that
the
scenes
and
events
of
everyday
life
and
the
s
peech
of
ordinary
people
were
the
raw
material
of
which
poetry
could
an
d
should
be
made.
他强调诗歌创作最要紧的是把握真实素材的来源，
他的创作
理论的核心便是普通人的生活经历，
普通人的词汇语言都是诗人应该也能
够汲取
的素材。
35.
William
Wordsworth
is
the
leading
figure
of
the
English
romantic
poet
ry,
the
focal
poetic
voice
of
the
period.
华兹华斯是英国诗歌史上的精英，是
浪漫主义时期的杰出代表。
36.
The
most
important
contribution
he
has
made
is
that
he
has
not
onl
y
started
the
modern
poetry,
the
poetry
of
the
growing
inner
self,
but
als
o
changed
the
course
of
English
poetry
by
using
ordinary
speech
of
the
language
and
by
advocating
a
return
to
nature.
他对诗歌的巨大贡献在于
开启了现
代诗歌，
开创了运用百姓生活语言写诗的新道路，
并号召人们回
归自然。
(III)Samuel
Taylor
Coleridge
塞
.
泰
.
科勒律
治
37.
In
1798,
the
two
men
published
a
joint
volume
of
poetry,
Lyrical
Ball
ads,
which
became
a
landmark
in
English
poetry.
1798
年，他同华
兹华斯
合作出版《抒情歌谣集》，成为英诗发展的一座里程碑。
38.
In
addition
to
“The
Ancient
Mariner,”
he
wrote
“Kubla
Khan,”
began
writing
“Christabel”
and
composed
“This
Lime
-
Tree
Bower
My
Prison,”
“Fr
ost
at
Midnight,”
and
“The
Nightingale,”
which
are
considered
to
be
his
b
est
“conversational”
poems.
他创作了《古航海家之歌》，《忽必烈汗》，《子
夜寒霜》，《夜莺》等名
诗，这些都是他“对话诗”的代表。
39.
Philosophically
and
critically,
Coleridge
opposed
the
limitedly
rationali
stic
trends
of
the
the
18th-century
thought.
在哲学与文学评论方面，
科勒律治
反对
18
世纪那种局限的理性主义潮流。
40.
he
advocated
a
more
spiritual
and
religious
interpretation
of
life,
bas
ed
on
what
he
had
learnt
from
Kant
and
Schelling.
他倡导
了以坎特与斯凯
灵理论的对人类精神化与宗教化的诠释。
41.
He
believed
that
art
is
the
only
permanent
revelation
of
the
nature
o
f <
/p>
reality.
他认为艺术是唯一一种能永远揭示现实的形式。
42.
Coleridge?s
actual
achievement
as
poet
can
be
divided
into
two
rema
rkably
diverse
groups:
the
demonic
and
the
conversational.
柯勒律治在诗
歌方面的成就可分为不同的两大类，神祗诗与对话诗。
43.
Mysticism
and
demonism
with
strong
imagination
are
the
distinctive
f
eatures
of
this
group.
这些诗歌的显
著特点，便是神秘与想象。
44.
“Christabel”
uses
a
freer
version
of
the
ballad
form
to
crea
te
an
atm
osphere
of
the
Gothic
horror
at
once
delicate
and
sinister.
“
克丽斯特贝尔”
一诗采用了更为自由的抒情诗形式，
< br>创造出的是与一种微妙而又邪恶的哥特式恐
怖氛围。
45.
He
sings
highly
Wordsworth?s
“purity
of
language,”
“deep
and
subtle
thoughts,”
“Perfect
truth
to
nature”
and
his
“imaginative
power.”
Bu
t
he
d
enies
Wordsworth?s
claim
that
there
is
no
essential
difference
between
th
e
language
of
poetry
and
the
language
spoken
by
common
people.
他高
度赞赏华兹华斯那
“纯净的语言”
，
“深邃的思想”
，
“对自然完美真实的描述”
以及他“非凡
的想象力”。但是他不赞成华兹华斯所说的“诗歌语言与普通百姓
的生活语言没什么两样
”。
46.
Coleridge
was
esteemed
by
some
of
his
contemporaries
and
is
gene
rally
recognized
today
as
a
lyrical
poet
and
literary
critic
of
the
first
rank.
科勒律治被同
时期的诗界所尊崇，
直至今日也被奉为第一流的抒情诗人与文学评
论家。
47.
he
was
one
of
the
most
influential
English
literary
critics
and
philoso
phers
of
the
19th
century.
他是
19
世纪浪漫主义文学与哲学的代表。
（
IV
）
George
Gordon
Byron
乔治
.
戈登
.
拜伦
48.
The
publication
in
1812
of
the
first
two
cantos
of
Childe
Harold?s
Pil
grimage,
brought
Byron
fam
e.
拜伦早期代表作是长篇叙事诗《恰尔德
.
< br>哈罗德
游记》第一，第二章（
1812
< br>）。
49.
In
Geneva,
he
wrote
the
third
canto
of
Childe
Harold
and
the
narrati
ve
poem
The
Prisoner
of <
/p>
Chillon.
在日内瓦，拜伦写下了《哈罗德游记》第三
章及叙事诗《齐伦的囚犯》。
50.
he
produced
the
verse
drama
Manfred,
the
first
two
cantos
of
Don
J
uan.
他创作了诗剧《曼弗雷德》，《唐璜》的前两章。
51.
Don
Juan
is
Byron?s
masterpiece,
a
great
comic
epic
of
the
early
19
th
century.
他的代表作《唐璜》是
19
世纪初期的著名讽刺
史诗。
52.
Byron
invests
in
Juan
the
moral
positives
like
courage,
generosity
an
d
frankness,
are
virtues
neglected
by
the
modern
society.
拜伦
在唐璜身上
开发出勇敢
,
慷慨
,
诚恳直白等优点。
53.
the
poet?s
true
intention
is,
by
making
use
of
Juan?s
adventures,
to
present
a
panoramic
view
of
different
types
of
society.
诗人的创作意
旨在
于通过唐璜的游历来体现不同的社会情形。
54.
Byron?s
satire
on
the
English
society
in
the
later
part
of
the
poem
c
an
be
compared
with
Pope?s;
and
his
satire
is
much
less
personal
than
that
of
Pope?s,
for
Byron
is
here
a
ttacking
not
a
personal
enemy
but
the
whole
hypocritical
society.
拜伦在诗的末尾对英国社会的讽刺与蒲柏相媲美，
有过之而无不及，因为拜伦讽刺的不是个人恩怨，而是整个社会的虚伪。
55.
As
a
leading
Romanticist,
Byron?s
chief
contribution
is
his
creation
of
the
“Byronic
hero,”
a
proud,
mysterious
rebel
figure
of
nobl
e
origin.
Suc
h
a
hero
appears
first
in
Childe
Harold?s
Pilgrimage,
and
then
further
de
veloped
in
later
works
such
as
the
Oriented
Tales,
Manfred,
and
Dan
Ju
an
in
different
guises.
作为浪漫主义的代表诗人，拜伦的主要贡献在于他创造
了“拜伦式英雄”，高傲，神秘，
反叛却带有贵族血统。这种拜伦式英雄出现在
《哈罗德游记》，《东方故事集》，《曼弗
雷德》及《唐璜》等多部作品中。
56.
Actually
Byron
has
enriched
European
poetry
with
an
abundance
of
i
deas,
images,
artistic
forms
and
innovat
ions.
拜伦以丰富的思想，想象力，艺
术形式和创新欧洲的
诗歌得到了发展
(V)Percy
Bysshe
Shelley
柏
.
比
.
雪莱
57.
He
held
a
lifelong
aversion
to
cruelty,
injustice,
authority,
institutional
religion
and
the
formal
shams
of
respectable
society,
condemning
war,
t
yranny
and
exploi
tation.
他一生都在执著的反抗社会上的残忍与不公，
强
权与宗
教，战争与剥削。
58.
He
realized
that
the
evil
was
also
in
man
’
s
mind.
他认为罪恶还存在于
人的思想。
59.
One
of
Shelley?s
greatest
political
lyrics
is
“Men
of
England.
The
poe
m
was
later
to
become
a
rallying
song
of
the
British
Communist
Party.
”
雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗是
“致苏格兰人民”
< br>，
这首诗在宪章运动时期成为广大
工人的战歌。
60.
Best
of
all
the
well-
known
lyric
pieces
is
Shelley?s
“Ode
to
the
West
Wind”;
here
Shelley?s
rhapsodic
and
dec
lamatory
tendencies
find
a
subj
ect
perfectly
suited
to
them.
雪莱最著名的抒情诗当属“西风颂”，这首诗语
气狂热，宜于诵读。
61.
“If
Winter
comes,
can
Spring
be
far
behind?”
The
poem
is
written
in
the
terza
rima
form
Shelley
derived
from
his
reading
of
Dante.
“
如果冬天
已经来临，
春天还会远吗？”
诗人引用了文艺复兴时期意大利诗人但丁的三行诗
节隔句押韵法。
62.
Shelley?s
greatest
achievement
is
his
four
-act
poetic
drama,
Prometh
eus
Unbound
，
The
play
is
an
exultant
work
in
praise
of
humankind
’
s
p
otential,
and
Shelley
himself
recognized
it
as
“the
most
perfect
of
my
pr
oducts.
”
.
雪莱最有造诣
的作品是他的四幕诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》，它赞
扬了人类自身的潜力，雪莱认识它
是自己最出色的作品。
63.
Like
Blake,
he
has
a
reputation
as
a
difficult
poet:
erudite,
imagistica
lly
complex,
full
of
classical
and
mythological
allusions.
像布莱克一样，由于
不同于其他人，他是个备受推崇的诗人，他的作品博学
，具有深厚文化底蕴，含
有丰富的典故和神灵的暗示。
(VI)John
Keats
约翰<
/p>
.
济慈
64.
Endymion,
published
in
1818,
was
a
poem
based
on
the
Greek
myt
h
of
Endymion
and
the
moon
goddess.1818
年
,
济慈出版了长诗
<
安狄米恩
>,
该诗以希腊神话为素材
< br>,
记述了牧人安狄米恩赫月光女神的故。
65.
It
was
this
yearning
and
suffering
that
quickened
his
maturity
and
ad
ded
a
new
dimension
to
his
poetry.
一连串挫折与
内心压抑的情感促使他走
向成熟，并使他未来的创作更加丰满。
66.
At
the
heart
of
these
pomes
lies
Keats?
concern
with
how
the
ideal
can
be
joined
with
the
real,
the
imagined
with
the
actual,
and
man
with
woman.
这些诗歌表达
了济慈对如何将理想与现实，想象与实际，男人与女人结
合起来的思考。
67.
The
volume
also
contain
his
four
g
reat
odes:
”Ode
on
Melancholy,”
“Ode
on
a
Grecian
Urn,”
“Ode
to
a
Nightingale,”
“Ode
a
Psyche;”
his
lyri
c
masterpiece
“To
Autumn”
and
the
unfinished
poem
“
Hyperion.
”这部诗
集包括他
著名的四首“颂”：“忧郁颂”，“希腊古瓮颂”，“夜莺颂”，“普
赛克颂”及他抒情
诗的代表作“秋日颂”和未完成的诗作“希波里恩”。
68.
The
odes
are
gen
erally
regarded
as
Keats?s
most
important
and
mat
ure
works.
颂诗是济慈最重要也是最成熟的作品。
69.
In
the
great
of
these
works,
he
also
suggests
the
undercurrent
of
di
sillusion
that
accompanies
such
ecstasy,
the
human
suffering
which
forev
er
question
the
visionary
transcendence
achieved
by
art.<
/p>
在这些作品中
,
他
对资本主义社会现实又不满，他的诗歌却常常带有唯美主义色彩。
70.
“Ode
to
a
Nightingale”
expresses
the
contrast
between
the
happy
wo
rld
of
natural
loveliness
and
human
world
of
agony.
”夜莺颂”展示了
自然
界之美与人世之痛苦强烈的反差。
71.
“Ode
on
an
Grecian
Urn”
shows
the
contrast
bet
ween
the
permanen
ce
of
art
and
the
transience
of
human
passion.
“希腊
古瓮颂”展示了永恒
的艺术与短暂的人类热情之间的对比。
72.
Sight,
sound,
scent,
taste
and
feeling
are
all
taken
in
to
give
an
enti
re
understanding
of
an
experience.
将视，
听，嗅，味，触等感觉都转化成绝
美的文字，带来一个通透的体验。
73.
He
draws
diction,
style
and
imagery
from
works
of
Shakespeare,
Milt
on
and
Dante.
他在措词，风格和比喻上都参考了莎士比亚，弥尔顿和但丁的作
品。
74.
Keats?s
poetry
characterized
by
exact
and
closely
knit
construction,
s
ensual
descriptions,
and
by
force
of
imagination,
gives
transcendental
val
ues
to
the
physical
beauty
of
the
world.
济慈的诗以精确紧凑的造句，有感
描写为特色，通过想象，营造了超出人类经验值的自然之美。
(VII)Jane
Austen
简
.
奥斯汀
75.
Her
first
novel,
Sense
and
Sensibility,
tells
a
story
about
two
sisters
and
their
love
affairs:
Pride
and
Prejudice,
the
most
popular
of
her
novel
s,
deals
with
five
Bennet
sisters
and
search
for
suitable
husbands;
and
Northanger
Ab
bey.
她的处女作
《理智与情感》
讲
述了一对姐妹的恋爱经历；
《傲
慢与偏见》
是她最著名的作品，
讲述了贝内特一家五位姐妹寻找如意郎君的过程；
《诺觉寺》讽刺了
18
世纪流行的哥特式骑士抒情诗
。
76.
Mansfield
Park
presents
the
antithesis
of
worldliness
and
unworldline
ss
;
Emma
gives
the
thought
over
self-deceptive
vanity;
and
Persuasion
contrasts
the
true
love
with
the
prudential
ca
lculations.
《曼斯菲尔德花园》
表现了世俗与非世
俗的并存；
《爱玛》
对自欺欺人的虚荣心给予了反思；
《劝告》
将真挚爱情与精打细算进行了对照。
77.
She
holds
the
ideals
of
the
landlord
class
in
politics,
religion
and
mo
ral
principles;
and
her
works
show
clearly
her
firm
belief
in
the
predomin
ance
of
reason
over
passion,
the
sense
of
responsibility,
good
manners
and
clear-sighted
judgment
over
the
Romantic
tendencies
of
emotion
and
individuality.
她主张地主阶级应在政治及社会生活中占主
导地位，
而她的作品也
表现了她强调的理智高于情感，
责任心、
礼节、
公正高于浪漫与个人主义的观点
。
78.
And
in
style,
she
is
neoclassicism
advocator,
upholding
those
traditio
nal
ideas
of
order,
reason,
proportion
and
gracefulness
in
novel
writing.
在写作风格上，她提倡新古典主义，坚持理性，秩序，典雅的原则。
79.
Austen?s
main
literary
concern
is
about
hum
an
beings
in
their
person
al
relation
ships.
奥斯汀的创作主题总与个人的生活及人际关系有关。
80.
It
is
her
conviction
that
a
man?s
relationship
to
his
wife
and
children
is
at
least
as
important
a
part
of
his
life
as
his
concerns
about
his
beli
ef
and
career.
她确信一个人与自己妻子，儿女的关系最起码同他生命的另一
半
---
事业，信仰
---
同样重要。
81.
plots
are
all
restricted
to
the
provincial
life
of
the
late
18th-century
E
ngland,
concerning
three
or
four
landed
gentry
families
with
their
daily
ro
utine
life.
奥斯汀的写作素材十分狭窄。
主题，
角色，
社会背景及情节都离不开
1
8
世纪英国的乡村中产阶级生活，总是三，四口之家的日常生活。
82.
Pride
an
d
Prejudice,
originally
drafted
as
“First
Impressions”
in
1796,
is
the
most
delightful
of
Jane
Austen
’
s
< br>works.
《傲慢与偏见》原名《第一
印象》是奥斯汀
最出色的作品。
83.
Our
first
impression,
according
to
Jane
Austen,
are
usually
wrong.
奥
斯汀认为人的第一印象总是有失偏颇的。
84.
The
structure
of
the
novel
is
exquisitely
deft,
the
characterization
in
t
he
highest
degree
memorable,
while
the
irony
has
a
radiant
shrewdness
unmatched
elsewhere.
< br>这部小说结构精致灵巧，人物描写令人难忘，讽刺出其
不意。
85.
The
works
of
Jane
Austen,
at
once
delightful
and
profound,
are
amo
ng
the
supreme
achievements
of
English
literature.
With
trenchant
observ
ation
and
in
meticulous
detail,
she
presents
the
quiet,
day-to-day
country
life
of
the
upper-
middle-class
English.
奥斯汀的著作令
人愉悦并有深意，
是英
国文学史上巨大的成就。
她通过犀利细致的观察，
向我们展现了平和的英国乡村
中产阶级的日常生活全貌。
86.
Her
characteristic
theme
is
that
maturity
is
achieved
through
the
loss
of
illusions.
其典型的
主旨是成熟，实在错误的幻想打破后获得的。
87.
Because
of
her
sensitivity
to
universal
patterns
of
human
behavior,
J
ane
Austen
has
brought
the
English
novel,
as
an
art
of
form,
to
its
mat
urity,
and
she
has
been
regarded
by
many
critics
as
one
of
the
greatest
of
all
novelists.
由于她
人类行为的普遍模式十分敏感，奥斯汀使英国小说走向
成熟，众多评论家都认为她是英国
最出色的小说家之一。
Chapter
4
The
Victorian
Period(1836-1901)<
/p>
维多利亚时期
1.
Common
sense
and
moral
propriety,
which
were
ignored
by
the
Roma
nticists,
again
became
the
predominant
preoccupation
in
literary
work.
道
德和常理这些被浪漫主义时代遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学
主流中来。
2.
Oscar
Wilde
and
Walter
Pater,
both
notorious
advocators
of
the
theor
y
of
“art
for
art
’
s
sake.
”唯美主义者奥斯卡．王尔德与沃尔特．培特都极力
推崇“为了艺术而艺术”的观点。
3.
Utilitarianism
was
widely
accepted
and
practiced.
实用主
义大行其道。
4.
The
poetry
of
this
period
was
mainly
characterized
by
experiments
wit
h
new
styles
and
ways
of
expressio
n.
这个时期的诗歌具有风格标新，
表达立
异的特点。
5.
Victorian
literature,
in
general,
truthfully
represents
the
reality
and
spiri
t
of
the
age.
The
high-spirited
vitality,
the
down
to
earth
earnestness,
th
e
good-matured
humor
and
unbounded
imagination
are
all
unprecede
nted.
维多利亚时期文学，
真实地反映了时代的现实与精神
，
其中体现出的高度的活力，
脚踏实地的精神，善意的幽默与无
羁无绊的丰富联想都是空前的。
(I)Charles
Dickens
查尔斯．狄更斯
6.
Soon
The
Posthumous
Papers
of
the
Pickwick
Club
appeared
in
mont
hly
installments.
It
is
once
lifted
him
into
a
position
of
fame
and
fortune.
很快《皮克
威克外传》也出版了，这使狄更斯一度名利双收。
7.
Dickens
is
one
of
the
greatest
critical
realist
writer
of
the
Victorian
Ag
e.
狄更斯是伟大的批判现实主义作家。
8.
The
best
he
can
do
seems
to
try
to
retain
an
optimism
with
wishful
t
hinking.
他所能做的只是保持一种充满希望的乐观主义。
9.
Whatever
his
limitations,
this
man
is
loved
and
admired
by
the
million
s,
not
only
for
the
practical
reform
his
works
have
helped
to
bring
about
but
also
for
that
heart
which
is
ready
to
love
and
sympathi
ze.
不管狄更
斯有何局限性，
他都深
受人民大众喜爱，
不仅因为他的作品促进社会改良，
更因
为他那颗善良博爱之心。
10.
In
his
works,
Dickens
sets
out
a
full
map
and
a
Large-scale
criticism
of
the
nineteenth
century
England,
particularly
London.
< br>在他的作品中，
狄更
斯对１９世纪的英国，特别是伦敦做
出了全面地描绘及大量的批评。
11.
His
early
works
contain
Oliver
Twist,
Nicholas
Nickleby,
The
Pickwick
Paper(legal
fraud),
David
Copperfield
and
Martin
Chuzzl
ewit.
他的早期作
品包括
《雾都孤
儿》
，
《尼古拉斯．
尼克尔比》
，
《皮克威克外传》
（合法欺骗）
，
《大卫．科波菲尔》和《马丁．瞿述伟》等等。
12.
This
youthful
brightness
and
optimism
is
also
manifest
in
the
constan
t
jokes
and
laughter.
作者青年
时期的这种明朗与乐观还体现在作品的幽默与
笑料中。
13.
His
later
works
contain
A
tale
of
two
Cities,
Bleak
House,
Little
Dorri
t,
Hard
Times
and
Great <
/p>
Expectations.
后期作品包括《双城记》，《荒凉山
庄》，《小多利特》，《艰难时世》和《远大前程》。
14.
Charles
Dickens
is
a
master
story-
teller.
狄更斯具有惊人的讲故事能力。
15.
Dickens?
works
are
also
characterized
by
a
mingling
of
humor
and
p
athos.
狄更斯的作品还有一个特点，是将幽默与哀伤的泪水交汇起来。
16.
Sometimes
Dickens
seems
so
anxious
to
wring
an
extra
tear
from
th
e
audience
that
he
indulges
himself
in
excessive
sentimental
melodrama
and
spoils
the
story.
有时狄更斯会将作品写的令读者潸然泪下，但由于他过
于
注重悲情的渲染，有时会破坏故事的连贯性。
17.
Charles
Dickens
is
one
of
the
greatest
Victorian
writers,
and
his
na
me
one
of
those
to
be
remembered
forever.
狄更斯是英国文学史上能与莎
士比亚齐名的文学巨人，他的作品与人格都将永远留在人民心中。
(II)The
Bronte
Sisters
布朗蒂姐妹
18.
Charlotte
Bronte,
Emily
Bronte,
and
their
gifted
sister
Anne
Bronte
c
ame
from
a
large
family
of
Irish
origin.<
/p>
夏洛蒂
.
布朗蒂，
艾米丽
.
布朗蒂，
安妮
.
布朗蒂三姐妹出生于爱尔兰裔的大户人家。
19.
Charlotte?s
second
novel,
Jane
Eyre,
won
immediate
success
when
it
appeared
in
1847.
In
the
same
year,
Emil
y?s
single
and
unique
work
W
uthering
Heights
and
Anne?s
Agnes
Grey
were
also
published.
夏洛蒂的第
二部小说
《简爱》问世后立即大获成功。同年，艾米丽唯一的小说《呼啸山庄》
与安妮的《阿格尼
斯
.
格雷》也相继发行。
20.
Charlotte?s
works
are
all
about
the
struggle
of
an
individual
consciou
sness
towards
self-realization,
about
some
lonely
and
neglected
young
w
omen
with
a
fierce
longing
for
love,
understanding
and
a
full,
happy
life.
夏洛蒂的作品主题几乎都是个人自觉地为实现自我价值而奋
斗，
都是有关一些孤
独而卑微的少女对爱情，理解与完整幸福的
生活的强烈渴求。
21.
In
her
mind,
man?s
life
is
composed
of
perpetual
battle
between
sin
and
virtue,
good
and
evil.
在她看来，
人生就是一场永不停息的罪恶与美德的斗
< br>争。
22.
All
her
heroines?
highest
joy
arises
from
some
sacrifice
of
self
or
so
me
human
weakness
ov
ercome.
她小说中的女主人公最大的快乐都来自一些
自我
牺牲后或个人弱点被战胜后获得的幸福。
23.
She
is
a
writer
of
realism
combined
with
romanticism.
On
one
hand,
she
presents
a
vivid
realism
picture
of
the
English
society
by
exposing
the
cruelty,
hypocrisy
and
other
evils
of
the
upper
classes,
and
by
showi
ng
the
misery
and
suffering
of
the
poor.
On
the
other
hand,
her
writings
are
marked
throughout
by
an
intensity
of
vision
and
passion.
她还是集现
实主义与浪漫主
义于一身的作家。
一方面，
她真实生动的再现了英国上流社会的
残酷，
虚伪及其他丑恶现象以及下层贫苦人民的不幸。
另一方面，
她的笔下充盈
这美好的情与景。
24.
Jane
Eyre:
It
is
noted
for
its
sharp
criticism
of
the
existing
society.
T
he
success
of
the
novel
is
also
due
to
its
introduction
to
the
English
no
vel
the
first
governess
h
eroine.
《简爱》：它以对当时社会尖锐的批评而闻名
于
世。
小说的成功在于它在英国小说史上第一次成功的塑造出了家庭教师的女主
人公形象。
25.
The
vivid
description
of
her
intense
feelings
and
her
thought
and
inn
er
conflicts
brings
her
to
the
heart
of
the
audience.
小说通过
对简热烈的情
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